손실과 이득간 인지 차이와 시간 선호 연구
A Study of the Perceptual Difference between Loss and Gain and the Time Preference
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시간적 거리에 따른 가치배분을 어떻게 할 것인가는 경제적 타당성뿐만 아니라 세대간 자원배분에 영향을 미치는 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구는 할인율이 시간적 거리 및 조건에 따라 달라질 수 있음을, 정책 영역을 대상으로 한 실험・조사연구를 통해 증명하고자 하였다. 할인율의 가변성과 관련된 4가지 연구 질문에 대한 분석결과, 첫째, 이득과 손실조건 모두에서 시간적 거리가 멀어질수록, 금액이 커질수록 할인율은 낮아졌다. 또한 이득조건은 손실조건보다 할인율이 모든 상황(시간적 거리, 금액규모별)에서 높았다. 둘째, 정부정책 특성별(이득 및 손실조건 여부, 이득・손실의 직접성 수준) 4가지 사업별로 할인율은 상이했으며, 이득조건에서는 직접성 수준과 관련없이 손실조건보다 할인율이 높은 반면, 손실조건에서는 ‘사적 손실이 직접적’일수록 할인율이 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, 할인율의 안정성 검증한 결과 시간적 거리가 멀수록, 금액이 커질수록 할인율에 대한 선호가 안정적으로 나타나고 있었으며 수렴되는 패턴을 보여주었다. 넷째, 공공정책 특성별 할인율에 강건한 영향요인이 존재하지 않았다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로, 이론적 함의와 정책적 고민거리를 제시하였다.
Abstract
This paper examines four research questions regarding the differences in discount rates between loss and gain conditions. By applying the concept of time preference, this study found that first, the discount rate was likely to decrease as the time distance and the payment amount increased under both loss and gain conditions; moreover, discount rates were higher under the gain condition than the loss condition. Second, discount rates varied according to the characteristics of public policies; specifically, the rates were higher under the gain condition than the loss condition regardless of the degree of directness. However, the discount rates tended to decrease in that the private loss was more direct under the loss condition. Third, regarding the stability of the discount rate, the discount rate preference tended to stabilize and converge as the time distance and the payment amount increased. Finally, the discount rate was very stable irrespective of different variables.
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