법원과 경찰에 대한 시민들의 정당성 인식 연구
Citizens’ Perceptions on the Legitimacy of the Courts and Police in Korea
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
정당성이란 결정을 내릴 도덕적ㆍ법적인 권리 또는 자격과 관련된 규범적 개념이다. 법의 지배 원칙을 지키고 구현하는 기관으로서 법원과 경찰에 대한 정당성을 높게 인식할 때, 시민들은 이들의 결정에 따르고 복종하며 나아가 법의 지배 원칙에도 협력하고 순응할 것이다. 시민의 주관적 인식과 태도가 정당성 인식에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 정당성 인식의 세부 차원 중 정서적 지지는 법원과 경찰 공통으로 절차적 공정성과 배분적 공정성, 효과성 인식, 법의 지배 원칙에 대한 지지가 유의한 긍정적 영향을 주었다. 반면 준수의무는 각각 법원과 경찰을 대상으로 영향 요인이 다르게 나타났다. 정당성에 대한 인식은 장기간에 걸쳐 경험과 사회화 과정을 통해 형성되는 태도로서 쉽게 훼손되지 않는다. 그러나 항상 절대적으로 보호되는 것 역시 아니며 부정적인 인식이 팽배한다면 이를 단기간에 되돌리기 쉽지 않다. 따라서 정당성 인식을 높이고 시민으로부터 지지와 신뢰를 되찾기 위하여 부단한 노력이 필요할 것이다.
Abstract
As a normative concept, legitimacy represents moral and legal rights to make decisions. When people’s perceived legitimacy of a state institution is high, they are more likely to follow and accept its decisions. In this regard, legal institutions need to secure legitimacy from the public. However, perceived legitimacy of legal institutions is not a given. It can be formed only through years of experience and socialization. Focusing on the perceived legitimacy of the courts and police, this study analyzed survey results of Korean citizens. Perceived legitimacy of legal institution was measured in two different dimensions: affective support and obligation to obey. Results show that procedural justice and distributive justice, effectiveness, and support for the rule of law have positive impacts on the public’s affective support of the courts and police. Conversely, people’s obligation to obey the courts and the police are influenced by different factors. The legitimacy of legal institutions does not fluctuate much, so it doesn’t decline in a short period. But it is also difficult to increase. Thus, constant efforts are needed to increase the public’s perceived legitimacy of legal institutions to enhance the rule of law in society.
참고문헌 (60)
- 김구, "지역경찰활동에 있어서 경찰신뢰의 영향에 관한 실증적 분석: 경찰활동의 성과 측면을 중심으로", 한국정책과학학회보, 9(3), pp.49~72 (2005), 한국정책과학학회
- 김도균, "집합행동, 신뢰, 법- 공적 신뢰의 토대에 관한 고찰 -", 서울대학교 법학, 54(3), pp.543~599 (2013), 법학연구소
- 노영보, "사법에 대한 신뢰", 저스티스, pp.593~601 (2013)
- 서한별, "처벌의 공정성에 대한 인식이 법위반 합리화에 미치는 영향 - 형사사법기관에 대한 신뢰도의 매개효과 -", 한국경찰연구, 18(1), pp.191~218 (2019), 한국경찰연구학회[DOI]
- 유성진, "국민의 사법부에 대한 인식과 신뢰: 대중매체의 재판 관련 보도와 법원 판결에 대한 평가", 한국과 국제정치, 26(4), pp.57~87 (2010), 극동문제연구소[DOI]
- 이상원, "사법신뢰형성구조와 재판의 공개", 서울대학교 법학, 53(3), pp.307~381 (2012), 법학연구소
- 이수창, "시민의 경찰 신임성 결정요인 분석", 경찰학연구, 14(2), pp.183~213 (2014), 경찰대학[DOI]
- 이재영, "경찰-주민접촉이 경찰에 대한 신뢰에 미치는 영향", 사회과학연구, 18(3), pp.27~52 (2011), 사회과학연구원
- 임창호, "경찰에 대한 청소년의 신뢰에 영향을 미치는 요인", 한국공안행정학회보, 27(2), pp.245~276 (2018), 한국공안행정학회[DOI]
- 임창호, "경찰에 대한 시민 신뢰에의 영향 요인: 절차적 공정성 인식과 경찰 효과성 인식의 중요성", 한국공안행정학회보, 29(2), pp.215~244 (2020), 한국공안행정학회[DOI]
- 장영수, "사법개혁, 사법민주화와 사법부독립의 사이에서", 유럽헌법연구, (24), pp.263~290 (2017), 유럽헌법학회
- 전용재, "경찰접촉과 공정성인식이 경찰신뢰에 미치는 영향: 영향요인 간 비교를 중심으로", 한국치안행정논집, 18(4), pp.133~151 (2021), 한국치안행정학회[DOI]
- 최경준, "선거 민주주의와 법치: 한국의 정치적 민주화와 법집행의 공정성", 한국경찰학회보, 19(6), pp.309~342 (2017), 한국경찰학회
- 최선, "Diagnosis of and Finding Alternatives to the “Crisis of Judicial Trust” for the Advancement of Democracy in South Korea", 동서연구, 28(3), pp.31~64 (2016), 동서문제연구원
- 최장집, "민주주의와 법의 지배" (2008), 후마니타스
- 하태훈, "사법에 대한 신뢰", 저스티스, 134(2), pp.575~592 (2013), 한국법학원
- Akinlabi, Oluwagbenga Michael, "o the police really protect and serve the public? Police deviance and public cynicism towards the law in Nigeria", Criminology & Criminal Justice, 17(2), pp.158~174 (2017)
- Beetham, David, "The Legitimation of Power" (1991), Humanities International Press
- Bello, Paul Oluwatosin., ""Exploring procedural justice, obligation to obey and cooperation with the police in a sample of university students", Contemporary Justice Review, 24(2), pp.262~277 (2021)
- Bradford, Ben, "Officers as mirrors : Policing, Procedural Justice and the(Re)Production of Social Identity", BRIT. J. CRIMINOL, 54, pp.527~550 (2014)
- Bühlmann, Marc., "Confidence in the Judiciary : Comparing the Independence and Legitimacy of Judicial Systems", West European Politics, 34(2), pp.317~345 (2011)
- Çakır, Aylin Aydin, "Public confidence in the judiciary : the interaction between political awareness and level of democracy", Democratization, 23(4), pp.634~656 (2016)
- Caldeira, Gregory A., "The Etiology of Public Support for the Supreme Court", American Journal of Political Science, 36(3), pp.635~664 (1992)
- Cheng, Kevin Kwok-yin, "Legitimacy in a Postcolonial Legal System : Public Perception of Procedural Justice and Moral Alignment Toward the Courts in Hong Kong", Law & Social Inquiry, 43(1), pp.212~228 (2018)
- Dougherty, George W., "Evaluating Performance in State Judicial Institutions : Trust and Confidence in the Georgia Judiciary", State & Local Government Review, 38(3), pp.176~190 (2006)
- Dworkin, Ronald, "Justice in Robes" (2006), Belknap Harvard
- Easton, David, "A Systems Analysis of Political Life" (1965), University of Chicago Press
- Easton, David, "A Re-Assessment of the Concept of Political Support", British Journal of Political Science, 5(4), pp.435~457 (1975)
- Easton, David., "Children in the Political System : of Political Legitimacy" (1969), University of Chicago Press
- Gao, Jingkang., "Legitimacy versus Morality: Why Do the Chinese Obey the Law?", Law and Human Behavior, 42(2), pp.167~180 (2018)
- Gibson, James L, "The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions" (2006), Oxford University Press
- Gibson, James L., "Measuring Attitudes toward the United States Supreme Court", American Journal of Political Science, 47(2), pp.354~367 (2003)
- Hinds, Lyn., "Public satisfaction with police : Using procedural justice to improve police legitimacy", The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 40, pp.27~42 (2007)
- Huang, Wilson W. S., "Americans view crime and justice: A national public opinion survey", pp.31~45 (1996), Sage
- Jiang, Shanhe, "Citizens’ Obligation to Obey the Law : An Empirical Study of Guangzhou, China", International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57(4), pp.495~518 (2013)
- Johnson, Devon, "Public Perceptions of the Legitimacy of the Law and Legal Authorities : Evidence from the Caribbean", Law & Society Review, 48(4), pp.947~978 (2014)
- Kochel, Tammy Rinehart, "Examining police effectiveness as a precursor to legitimacy and cooperation with police", Justice Quarterly, 30(5), pp.895~925 (2013)
- Lind, E. Allan., "The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice" (1988), Springer
- Murphy, Kristina, "Encouraging Cooperation and Public Support for Police", Policing and Society, 18, pp.138~157 (2008)
- Pryce, Daniel K., "Procedural Justice, Obligation to Obey, and Cooperation with Police in a Sample of Ghanian Immigrants", Criminal Justice and Behavior, 44(5), pp.733~755 (2017)
- Reisig, Michael D., "Experience, Quality of life, and Neighborhood context : A Hierarchical Analysis of Satisfaction with Police", Justice Quarterly, 17(3), pp.607~630 (2000)
- Reisig, Michael D., "The Construct Validity and Refinement of Process-based Policing Measures", CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND BEHAVIOR, 34(8), pp.1005~1028 (2007)
- Reisig, Michael D., "Procedural Justice, Police Legitimacy, and Helping the Police Fight Crime : Results from a Survey of Jamaican Adolescents", Police Quarterly, 12(1), pp.42~62 (2009)
- Salzman, Ryan., "Judging the Judiciary : Understanding Public Confidence in Latin American Courts", Latin American Politics and Society, 55(1), pp.73~95 (2013)
- Sargeant, Elise, "Policing and collective efficacy: the relative importance of police effectiveness, procedural justice and the obligation to obey police", Policing and Society, 27(8), pp.927~940 (2017)
- Sunshine, Jason., "The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing", Law and Society Review, 37(3), pp.513~548 (2003)
- Tankebe, Justice, "Public cooperation with the police in Ghana: Does procedural fairness matter?", Criminology, 47(4), pp.1265~1293 (2009)
- Tankebe, Justice, "Viewing Things Differently : The Dimensions of Public Perceptions of Police Legitimacy", Criminology, 51(1), pp.103~135 (2013)
- Tyler, Tom R, "Trust and Law Abidingness : A Proactive Model of Social Regulation", Boston University Law Review, 81(2), pp.361~400 (2001)
- Tyler, Tom R, "A National Survey for Monitoring Police Legitimacy", Justice Research Policy, 4, pp.71~86 (2002)
- Tyler, Tom R, "Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and the Effective Rule of Law", Crime and Justice, 30, pp.283~357 (2003)
- Tyler, Tom R, "Enhancing police legitimacy", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 593(1), pp.84~99 (2004)
- Tyler, Tom R, "Why People Obey the Law" (2006), Yale University Press
- Tyler, Tom R, "Psychological Perspectives on Legitimacy and Legitimation", Annual Review of Psychology, 57, pp.375~400 (2006)
- Tyler, Tom R, "Legitimacy and Criminal Justice : The Benefits of Self-Regulation", Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, 7, pp.307~359 (2009)
- Tyler, Tom R., "Legitimacy and cooperation : why do people help the police fight crime in their community?", Ohio State Journal of Criminal, 6(1), pp.231~276 (2008)
- Tyler, Tom R., "Trust in the Law : Encouraging Public Cooperation with the Police and Courts" (2002), Russell-Sage
- Weber, Max, "The theory of social and economic organization" (1947), The Free Press
- Weingast, Barry R, "The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of Law", The American Political Science Review, 91(2), pp.245~263 (1997)
- Zaller, John., "A Simple Theory of the Survey Response : Answering Questions versus Revealing Preferences", American Journal of Political Science, 36(3), pp.579~616 (1992)
