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정치, 정책분석, 그리고 민주주의:정책분석의 정치적 접근과 민주주의에 대한 함의

Politics, Policy Analysis, and Democracy: Political Approach to Policy Analysis and Implications for Democracy

구현우
정부학연구소 (Institute of Governmental Studies)|2023.08|정부학연구 (Journal of Governmental Studies(JGS))|제29권 제2호|pp. 1-34|DOI 10.19067/jgs.2023.29.2.1

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참고문헌

키워드

민주주의공공정책정책분석DemocracyPolicy AnalysisPublic Policy
주제분류행정학

초록

정책분석은 흔히 정책문제를 해결하기 위한 ‘공식’ 정도로 이해되고 있지만, 공공정책과 정치의 밀접한 관련성을 생각하면 다르게 해석할 여지도 있다. 다시 말해, 정책분석이 현실 정치와 관련하여 중요한 함의를 가질 수 있다는 것이다. 그런데 정책분석이 이루어지는 ‘분석의 세계’와 실제로 정책이 결정되는 ‘정치의 세계’는 엄밀하게 구분된다. 정치의 세계에서는 객관적으로 존재하는 이해관계가 아니라 그것에 대한 사람들의 주관적 인식이 중요하고, 정책이 결정되는 과정의 정치동학 뿐 아니라 이후 과정에 대한 연구도 필요하며, 정책에 대한 학습 역시 중요한 변수로 작용하기 때문이다. 이러한 논의들을 통해 본 논문은 민주주의에 대한 새로운 시각이 필요하다고 주장하고 있다. 선거라는 가시적인 정치 이벤트가 아닌 공공정책이라는 새로운 변수를 통해 민주주의를 살펴본다면, 이는 민중이 지배하는 정치체제가 아닌 소수 기득권자들이 지배하는 정치체제일 수 있기 때문이다.

Abstract

Policy analysis is often understood as a ‘formula’ to solve policy problems, but it may be interpreted differently considering the close relationship between public policy and politics. In other words, policy analysis may have important implications in politics. Notably, the ‘area of analysis’ in which policy analysis is conducted and the ‘area of politics’ in which policies are determined are strictly divided. In the world of politics, people’s subjective perception of it, not objectively existing interests, is important, and research on subsequent processes as well as political dynamics in the process of determining policies is necessary. Further, learning about policies also acts as an important variable. Through these discussions, this essay argues that a new perspective on democracy is needed. If we look at democracy through a new variable of public policy, not a visible political event of elections, this may be a political system dominated by a small number of vested interests, not a political system dominated by the people.

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