거제(巨濟) 옥산금성(玉山金城)과 명진현(溟珍縣)고(考) - 초축을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Geoje Oksan Geumseong Fortress has been known as a fortress in the late Joseon Dynasty, which was built by Song Hee-seung and residents of Geoje Island, for the purpose of defending Japanese pirates without government support. However, latest archaeological excavations have found relics such as stonework, earthenware, and roof tiles related to Silla in the Three Kingdoms period, and additional excavations have confirmed several traces of construction in the previous time, not built in the late Joseon period. Therefore, various opinions were presented along with questions about the beginning of the first construction and the purpose of the construction of Oksan Geumseong Fortress. With the long efforts in collecting related data as well as field trips for a long time, I synthesized the data and expressed my opinion on the construction period and purpose of the initial construction. At first, Oksan Geumseong Fortress was built by Silla, which occupied the Gaya region during the Three Kingdoms period, and the period of its first construction is estimated to be mid to late in the sixth century, from the annexation of the Geumgwan Gaya (A.D.532) to the collapse of Daegaya (A.D.562). The shape of a stone wall stacked vertically with stones aligned horizontally, the shape of a trapezoidal base shaft, a circular collection resin with a hem inside, a dish with a short mount, and roof tiles with a vertical pattern support this fact archaeologically. In addition, it is believed that the archaeological features of the Silla tombs in Bangha-ri Ancient Tombs and Ajou Dong Ancient Tombs located adjacent to Dundeokgi fortress and Ajouhyeon fortress which were also constructed in ther 6th century, are the same in time. Next, the purpose of the construction of Oksan Geumseong Fortress can be seen as a governing basement of Majinihyeon(Myeongjinhyeon), which was located in Geoje Island during the Three Kingdoms period. Dundeokgi fortress is also a governing basement of Sanggun(Geoje-gun), while Ajou-dong Dangsanseong Fortress is believed to be the basement of Geono-hyeon (Aju-hyeon) and Dadaesanseong Fortress is believed to be the ruling base of Songbyeon-hyeon (Namsu-hyeon) and continued until the Goryeo Dynasty. This theory can be confirmed based on the historical records, as well as the features of the remains and relics excavated in the archaeological survey, and the relationship with the surrounding ruins. What is noteworthy is that according to records, Myeongjinhyeon has many historical differences comparing with counties in Geoje Island during the Goryeo and Joseon periods, and the reason for this needs to be further studies on it. Finally, Namsan shell mound, located in Geoje-myeon, is a strong candidate site for the center of the Dokro-guk, a small country existed during the Sam-han period, and it is expected to be related to the near Oksan Geumseong Fortress, so further investigation is needed.