The Clash of Global and Regional Norms and Their Implications to East Asia
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The rise of China is especially contentious to international politics. It is one of the few remaining non‐democratic regimes that contradict with the current liberal order. This paper, however, argues that from a normative perspective, China’s ascendance should be seen within the historical context of the East Asian region. This historical regional order has implications to the contemporary East Asian regional order especially with the re‐rising of China. In order to illustrate my argument, the paper will discuss norms from a western and East Asian perspective. Based on this discussion, it will find implications to contemporary international relations, particularly during the periods of George Bush II (2000–2008) and Hu Jintao (2002–2012) governments. This paper finds that on the one hand, the US during the Bush II administration has rekindled old and new enemies under the guidance of exporting democracy. On the other hand, China under Hu Jintao’s leadership seemingly has seen less conflict and instead tried to foster more cooperation within the region. It is quite paradoxical the different outcomes that the two leaderships have brought about. Thus, it is time to review the significance of norms to better understand the two different political consequences.
Abstract
The rise of China is especially contentious to international politics. It is one of the few remaining non‐democratic regimes that contradict with the current liberal order. This paper, however, argues that from a normative perspective, China’s ascendance should be seen within the historical context of the East Asian region. This historical regional order has implications to the contemporary East Asian regional order especially with the re‐rising of China. In order to illustrate my argument, the paper will discuss norms from a western and East Asian perspective. Based on this discussion, it will find implications to contemporary international relations, particularly during the periods of George Bush II (2000–2008) and Hu Jintao (2002–2012) governments. This paper finds that on the one hand, the US during the Bush II administration has rekindled old and new enemies under the guidance of exporting democracy. On the other hand, China under Hu Jintao’s leadership seemingly has seen less conflict and instead tried to foster more cooperation within the region. It is quite paradoxical the different outcomes that the two leaderships have brought about. Thus, it is time to review the significance of norms to better understand the two different political consequences.
참고문헌 (25)
- Robert Axelrod, "An Evolutionary Approach to Norms", The American Political Science Review, 80(4), pp.1095~1111 (1986)
- Jonathan Bendor, "The Evolution of Norms", The American Journal of Sociology, 106(6), pp.1493~1545 (2001)
- Yu Bin, "China’s Harmonious World: Beyond Cultural Interpretations", Journal of Chinese Political Science, 13(2), pp.122~ (2008)
- Jeffrey T. Checkel, "Norms, Institutions, and National Identity in Contemporary Europe", International Studies Quarterly, 43(1), pp.83~114 (1999)
- John Cranmer‐Byng, "The Chinese View of Their Place in the World: An Historical Perspective", The China Quarterly, (53), pp.67~68 (1973)
- John K. Fairbank, "China’s Foreign Policy in Historical Perspective", Foreign Affairs, (449), pp.449~ (1968)
- Ann Florini, "The Evolution of International Norms, Special Issue: Evolutionary Paradigms in the Social Sciences", International Studies Quarterly, 40(3), pp.363~389 (1996)
- Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History", pp.3~18 (1989), Interest
- "Palace Urges Passage of RP Territory Bill, Philippine Daily Inquirer"[URL]
- G. John Ikenberry, "Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Persistence of American Postwar Order", International Security, 23(3), pp.45~ (1999)
- David C. Kang, "Getting Asia Wrong: The Need for New Analytic Frameworks", International Security, 28(3), pp.67~ (2003)
- "Policy Analysis Brief"[URL]
- Stephen D. Krasner, "Organized Hypocrisy in Nineteenth‐Century East Asia", International Relations of the Asia‐Pacific, 1, pp.173~197 (2001)
- Mark Mancall, "The Persistence of Tradition in Chinese Foreign Policy", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 349, pp.15~ (1963), Communist China and the Soviet Bloc.
- "Making the World “Safe for Democracy”: Woodrow Wilson Asks for War, History Matters: The U.S. Survey Course on the Web"[URL]
- "National Security Strategy of the United States of America 2002", ~
- John M. Owen, "How Liberalism Produces Democratic Peace", International Security, 19(2), pp.87~125 (1994)
- Michael W. Doyle, "Liberalism and World Politics, in Foreign Affairs Agenda: The New Shape of World Politics (revised edition)", pp.39~66 (1999), Council on Foreign Relations, Inc.
- John Owen, "Liberal Peace, Liberal War: American Politics and International Security" (1997), Cornell University Press
- "China Vows to Use Dialogue on Spratlys, Philippine Daily Inquirer"[URL]
- "Military Sees no Sino Threat in Spratlys, Philippine Daily Inquirer"[URL]
- Randall L. Schweller, "Domestic Structure and Preventive War: Are Democracies More Pacific?", World Politics, 44(2), pp.238~ (1992)
- Shannon P. Vaughn, "Norms Are What States Make of Them: The Political Psychology of Norm Violation", International Studies Quarterly, 44(2), pp.293~316 (2000)
- Brantly Womack, "How Size Matters: The United States, China and Asymmetry, Chinese Foreign Policy in Transition Ed.", pp.73~99 (2004), Guoli Liu, Aldine de Gruyter
- Yongnian Zheng, "’Harmonious Society’ and ‘Harmonious World’: China’s Policy Discourse Under Hu Jintao", China Policy Institute, Briefing Series–Issue, 26 (2007)