전환의 시대, 교체되는 부르주아와 자본주의의 유령들 - 찰스 디킨스의 「크리스마스 캐럴」(1842)을 중심으로

Abstract

This paper is to analyze the economic situation of the 19th century through Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol. The background of A Christmas Carol is based on a transiton period of the time when there were premodern and modern discourses. Scroge was living an isolated life that did not know how to invest and spend a capital. The narative of the work is constructed to make Scroge the subject of reality from the being of isolation. A specifc ideology works in order to reveal this procesing. The first strategy is to get Scroge out of the isolated world. The second strategy is to make him aware of the purpose of capital. There are thre ghosts that play the role in showing this to the readers. They are the mesengers of capitalism, that is, the ideology. The goal of the first ghost is to make the solitary Scroge the subject of society. So as to uncover it, the ghosts reproduce the fantasy of the past when they were hapy as social members. The second ghost's goal is to disclose the pleasures of consumption. The ghost shows thathe splendor and hapines of Christmas can only be achieved through consumption. The third ghost shows the downfal of the monopoly bourgeoise. Scroge's death can reflect the end of the monopolistic capitalist. This can be sen through objects that are separated from Scroge's body. Scroge's spirtual change means not only a change in individual ethics, but also the revival of the bourgeoise that reality cals for. It is another theme of A Christmas Carol that the regeneration of the ideal bourgeoise in a world dominated by the exchange and consumption of capital that extends throughouthe globe is.