북한 중·장편 과학환상문학에 나타난 ‘수령 없는 공동체’와 18-19세기 유토피아 사회주의

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the characteristics of leaderless communities depicted in North Korean science fiction literature with 18-19th century utopian thinkers. In particular, the theories of Henri Saint-Simon, Charles Pourier, and Marcel Mauss are examined to understand how they function as principles of utopia desired by North Korea. Firstly, a comparison is made with Saint-Simon’s industrial socialism. Saint-simon envisioned an ideal world centered around producers, characterized by leaps in productivity and scientific management. Similarly, North Korean science fiction literature portrays a world centered around scientists, depicting an economically prosperous society achieved through revolutionary advancements in science and technology. Secondly, Charles Pourier regarded passion and pleasure as the fundamental principles of humanity. He believed that through the harmony of passion and equitable distribution, an ideal nation could be achieved. North Korean science fiction literature also emphasizes the relentless passion of scientists. In the pursuit of harmony between passion and pleasure, there is always an obsession with novelty, which becomes a reason for the impossibility of utopia. Thirdly, there is a connection to Marcel Mauss’ concept of potlatch. Potlatch is a mechanism of giving without expecting anything in return. The ethical aspect of potlatch is reflected in North Korean science fiction literature through the concept of ‘conscience,’ which represents the bestowal of passion for the sake of the homeland. It is not just individual favor but an ethical exchange of events. Through this, scientists create a transcendent, mutually beneficial community that spans generations.