해외 화인(華人)사회의 변화와 ‘국가’, 1840-1949

Abstract

In the mid-19th century, Chinese people's moving abroad rapidly increased with the globally strengthened demands for labor force. The political bodies wielded great influence upon Chinese people when they decided which country to move to and how to develop their community. On the whole, the colonial authorities in the Southeast Asia carried out comparatively positive immigration policy, in contrast with that of the United States of America,Canada, and Australia. The native place identity played a significant role in the development of overseas Chinese communities. Ethnic Chinese employed workers and established business networks in terms of native place identity and blood relationship. In this process, native-place factions(同鄕帮) made decision in the important issues related to running the community. There appeared some changes in the late 19th century through the early 20th century. As ethnic Chinese developed their nationalism, the national authorities in the Southeast Asia came to tighten its grip on the activities of ethnic Chinese. Faced with these circumstances, ethnic Chinese supported political magnate of their dwelling country for the purpose of avoiding conflict with and relieving the pressure from the authority and local people. It was nationalistic policies of the government of Chinese proper and Southeast Asia's governments that brought froth identity problems and their ensuing clashes between ethnic Chinese and local people.