스피노자의 정치이론 ― 시민사회와 국가의 관계를 중심으로
Spinoza's Political Theory : Focused on the Relationship between Civil Society and State
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This paper aims to identify the political theory of Spinoza by focusing on the relationship between civil society and state. For a long time, Spinoza's theory has been considered as a lack of awareness of civil society in the light of social contract theory. But recently, it began to be evaluated as a theory that contrasts with oppressive state system and goes beyond it in the absolute affirmation of the masses that constitute civil society. However, his complex theories of society, politics, state and government are rather clearer based on the distinction between the state and civil society. To do this, it is necessary to understand his metaphysics first. Especially, the clarification of the relationship between modes and between mode and substance in terms of emotional and dynamic mode rather than a priori and static substance is the basis for understanding his political theory. Thus, at the community level, we will see that Spinoza made freedom, not subordination, and stability, not confusion, as the goal of civil society and state, respectively.
Abstract
This paper aims to identify the political theory of Spinoza by focusing on the relationship between civil society and state. For a long time, Spinoza's theory has been considered as a lack of awareness of civil society in the light of social contract theory. But recently, it began to be evaluated as a theory that contrasts with oppressive state system and goes beyond it in the absolute affirmation of the masses that constitute civil society. However, his complex theories of society, politics, state and government are rather clearer based on the distinction between the state and civil society. To do this, it is necessary to understand his metaphysics first. Especially, the clarification of the relationship between modes and between mode and substance in terms of emotional and dynamic mode rather than a priori and static substance is the basis for understanding his political theory. Thus, at the community level, we will see that Spinoza made freedom, not subordination, and stability, not confusion, as the goal of civil society and state, respectively.
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