감금의 질서, 수용시설의 권력기술 – 형제복지원과 인권의 재맥락화

Abstract

This paper attempts to clarify that the detention and confinement of vagrants in the era of developmentalism is the effect of the bio-political racism. It was after the announcement of Ministry of Internal Affairs Ordinance No. 410 in February 1975, i.e. "Procedures for the notification, enforcement, detention, protection, return and after-care management of bureaucrats," that governmental supervising of vagrants became legitimate. This paper mainly examines the three issues: the social and political context of the enactment of this Ordinance, crackdown of vagrants by administrative power of the state and the residents' organizations mobilized by the state apparatus, and confinement of vagrants by private detention facilities like Hyung-Jae Welfare Center. In addition, I would like to argue that the violence committed in the facilities is not related to the technology of power penetrating Korean society and the uniqueness of inmate control technology operating within the facilities. More specifically, this paper addresses the following issues in its main body. In Section 2, it is argued that active control and confinement of the vagrants since the mid-1970s was due to the operation of bio-power, or more precisely to the action of bio-political racism. Section 3 shows that militarism has penetrated the power-technology of the camps and other general social organizations in South Korea. Finally, in section 4, I will argue that the speciality of power-technology of the camps separate from other social organizations was militarism transformed by cruelty and necro-political labor.