西陣織産業における在日朝鮮人の同業者組合に関する考察 ―1945年～1959年を事例に―

Abstract

This study stated the Zainichi Korean owners’ unions from 1945 to1959 in Nishijinori industry. It was found that Korean owners’ union (朝鮮人織物組) was established for the acquisition of raw materials’ supply and mutual aid within Korean owners through the article of incorporation, personal records and memories. We also found that the 2nd Korean owners union(第二組合) was established in 1947 through the newspaper’s advertisement. The actual reason for establishing the 2nd union is still unclear, but it was later found to be integrated into Korean owners’ union from 1953 to 1957. The confrontation between communist and anti-communist Koreans occurred and further intensified in the Korean owners’ union after the Korean war in 1950. Through studying personal records, this study also discussed how the anti-communist Koreans had withdrawn themselves from the Koreans union and later established the Sogo-Kijaku-union (相互着尺組合). The Korean owners’ union was relatively cooperative to the Japanese society through collection of donation money while natural disasters occurred in Japan, and the spread of energy saving movements and Labor Standards Act (労働基準法) in Nishijinori industry　through the newspaper articles. It seemed that Koreans were trying to improve their status in Nisijin through various cooperation activities in the Japanese society. Chosenjin renmei (朝鮮人連盟: Koreans federation in Japan) had extinct because of the dissolution order of GHQ in 1949. Koreans owners’ union tried to negotiate with Kyoto city’s mayor and take the leading role and build a cooperative relation with Kyoto city in such difficult situations. That movement could be evaluated as an intentional approach from the Korean owners’ unions towards ensuring their livelihood in Kyoto instead of Chosenjin renmei. Koreans owners’ union and Sogo-Kijaku-union had been cooperative to Japanese unions when the owners unions was integrated into one comprehensive union in Nishijinori industry in the late 1950s. Thanks to the cooperative attitudes of that two unions, for which they were able to attain the exclusive position of the upper comprehensive union Nishijin Textile industrial Association (西陣織物工業組合) and reflect their stronger influences. However, Koreans owners’ union had lost their influences gradually and were not able to act for Koreans at the end of 1950s.