좀비 영화 속 여성 재현의 문제: 조지 로메로 영화를 중심으로
On the Representation of Women in Zombie Films: Focusing on George Romero’s Films
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초록
본 연구는 조지 로메로의 영화를 중심으로 좀비 영화 속 여성 재현 양상을 분석한다. 로메로는 현대 좀비를 정의하고, 성격화, 플롯, 사회 비판의 측면에서 공포영화를 발전시킨다. 그가 20세기에서 21세기에 걸쳐 제작하고 연출한 7편의 좀비 영화는 미국 사회의 인종, 성, 성 역할, 계급 문제를 비판한다. 로메로의 20세기 3부작과 리메이크작은 공포영화 속 여성의 재현 문법을 재확립하고, 사회적 역할 변화를 반영한 여성 서사를 발전시킨다. 또한 이 작품들은 감독이 생애 마지막까지 비판한 미국 사회의 자본주의, 기술만능주의, 인종차별 문제를 담아낸다. 로메로의 21세기 3부작은 20세기 3부작에 비해 비평적 성과나 상업적 성공을 거두지 못하는데, 본 연구는 그 원인을 좀 비 영화 산업의 변화에서 찾는다. 상업영화의 서사를 수용한 좀비 영화는 규모와 속도를 강조한 새로운 좀비를 창조하지만, 현재의 여성 담론과 동떨어진 여성상을 제시한다. 로메로의 후기 3부작은 이전의 사회 비판을 반복하고, 현대 좀비 드라마의 약화된 여성 재현 경향을 따른다.
Abstract
This study analyzes the representation of women in zombie films by focusing on George Romero’s two trilogies and the remake of one of them. Romero defined modern zombies and developed the horror genre through characterization, plot development, and the critique of modern society. Seven zombie films produced or directed by him in the 20th and 21st centuries investigated race, sex, gender, and class issues in American society. His 20th-century trilogy and a remake of one of them reestablished the grammar of female representation in horror movies and developed women’s narratives that reflected the changing roles of women in society. They also touched on the issues of American capitalism, technocracy, and racism, which the director kept a keen eye on until the end of his career. Romero’s 21st-century trilogy did not receive high critical acclaim or commercial success compared with his 20th-century trilogy, which this research argues can be attributed to the changing trends in the zombie film industry. Commercialized and popularized 21st-century zombie movies generated new zombie types in terms of speed and scale but degenerated in terms of female representation. Romero’s last trilogy repeated his social criticism of the previous century and reflected on less poignant and controversial representations of women in current zombie dramas.
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