구룡재 백봉래의 경학(經學) 일고(一考) - [대학]과 [중용]의 관계를 중심으로-

Abstract

This study addressed the thoughts of Baek, Bong Rae(白鳳來) is a person from 1717~1799 with a Pen Name of GuRyongJae(九龍齋) about Confucianism(經學). In the era of JoSeon YeongJeongJo Dynasty of the 18th century, GuRyongJae Baek, Bong Rae who didn’t have a government position was a scholar in the field who dedicated himself to lifelong learning and worked hard to train the upcoming generation. SamKyeongTongEui(三經通義)and SaSeoTongRi(四書通理)are scholastic results he concentrated on SaSeoSamKyung(四書三經) and published serially for his lifetime without teachers’ and co-workers’ source of origin(師友淵源). Baek, Bong Rae extracted a few important concepts from complicated system of thought in SaSeoTongRi(四書通理)-DaeHak(大學), JungYong(中庸), based on them, indicated and systematized correlations between concepts so that the meaning can be grasped simply and clearly. Baek, Bong Rae considered that the relationship between JungYongand DaeHak become BaeEung(配應), CheYong(體用), JwaWoo(左右), SangHa(上下), Pyo(裏) and Ri(裏), and Ri(裏) and Pyo(裏). In other words, the outside is soon and the inside is soon outside. From these viewpoints, SiJung(時中) of JungYongand HyeolGu(絜矩) of DaeHak, JiSeon(至善) of DaeHak and ChiGok(致曲) of JungYong, <KiUkJang (淇澳章)> of DaeHak and <YeonYeoJang(鳶魚章)> of JungYongwere regulated as mutual relations among BaeEung, CheYong and PyoRi and introduced the concept of ‘WonJung(原中)’. ‘WonJungRon(原中論)’ shows JungYong as ‘JungDo(中道)’ and DaeHakas ‘GeunWon(根原)’ based on ‘CheonJiIn(天地人) SamJae(三才)’ which means heaven, earth, and person. ‘WonJung’ is another concept referring to DaeHak and JungYong. In addition, he related DaeHakand JungYongwith ‘HaDo(河圖)’ and ‘NakSeo(洛書)’, discussed about the structure with CheYong relations, named JungYong as considering HaDo as BonChe and NakSeo as JakYong and wrote DaeHak as considering NakSeo as BonChe and HaDo as JakYong. One of the theories focused on Baek, Bong Rae’s Confucian Classics is the way to interpret with Koae(卦) of JuYeok. He interpreted JungYongand DaeHakwith Koae(卦) of JuYeok so as to try to show the system of Confucian classic(經書) is correlated with each other. He insisted that ‘Ye(豫)’ of ‘BeomSaYeJeukRip(凡事豫則立)’ in JungYongand ‘Hang(恒)’ of ‘JaeHangJokEui(財恒足矣)’ in DaeHakare spirit and action of ‘YeKoae’ and ‘HangKoae’ of JuYeok(周易), ‘Ye(豫)’ of JungYongis action of ‘YeKoae’ of DaeHak and ‘Hang(恒)’ of DaeHak is action of ‘HangKoae’ of JungYong. Taking all the above into consideration, Baek, Bong Rae sought to have a consistent structure between DaeHak and JungYong through ‘YeokRi(易理)’. First, he introduced the concept of ‘WonJung(原中)’ and grafted it onto DaeHakand JungYong. Second, he grasped the structure as ‘CheYong(體用)’ relations related DaeHak and JungYong with HaDo and NakSeo. Third, he applied the theories of ‘YeKoae’ and ‘HangKoae’ of JuYeok and explained the ‘PyoRi(表裏)’ relations of DaeHak and JungYong. Those three things can be his creative logical system that cannot be found previously in the history of Joseon Confusion history and it is an important feature of Baek, Bong Rae’s Confucianism(經學).