묵자의 귀신관 연구

Abstract

According to Mozu, order among human society is built and maintained by the intentional cooperation of the Heaven, Ghosts, and good-willed People. The Heaven is a sublime presence and the law of the world itself. People, however, against the will of Heaven, struggle and injure each other like chaotic beasts. Here comes the necessity of Ghosts who execute reward and punishment by the decision of Heaven, to promote the good will among People, in the middle of Heaven and People. In this sense, the philosophy of Mozu about the Ghosts shows a practical, utilitarian and political approach. Unlike the other philosophers of 2,500 years ago, who broke out of the world of mysterious power and chaotic ghosts, and then rearmed themselves with the universal and logical humanity spirit, Mozu becomes more concentrated on the Ghosts when he realizes the disparity between the reality and the ideal. Mozu believes the greed of People is too strong to provide the possibility of building an equal and affluent society with the belief of harmonious consensual community. For Mozu, who is a pragmatic idealist, the transcendental power of Ghost-worship among the People looks like the only power he can depend on, when he does not possess any other means of organizing the underprivileged-class or traveling warriors into power groups. Mozu is a political use of ghosts for the ultimate goal of prevent war.