고려 태조-광종대 북방 개척과 州鎭 설치: 『高麗史』 地理志 北界 州鎭 연혁의 분석과 補正

Abstract

In this article, how the Goryeo government expanded its influence to the North during the reigns of four kings in its early days (Kings Taejo, Hyejong, Jeongjong and Gwangjong), and how the Jujin (州鎭) units were established in the process, are examined based upon records inside the History of the Goryeo Dynasty (高麗史)’s Geography Section (地理志) which documented the overall history of all those Jujin units, and also records from the Seongbo-jo (城堡條: Castles and Fortresses) and Jinsu-jo (鎭戍條: Defense and Patrol) entries inside the Military Section (兵志). For the job, the Northern Region (北界) is examined through four quadrants, the Western Coastline, the Middle Region, the Eastern Region, and the Cheongcheon-gang river area. Individual history of each of the Jujin units are analyzed and revised here, and based upon such new accounts the history of the overall Northern pioneering is also newly documented in a chronological fashion. The first period of the Northern Expansion that continued during the early days of the Goryeo dynasty, was from the first year of Taejo’s reign through the 10th, when the East and West of the Seo’gyeong capital was claimed. The second period was from Taejo’s 11th year to his 19th, when a main trunk line leading from the Seo’gyeong capital to the Cheongcheon-gang river was secured and reclamation of the Western Coastline area and the Middle Region was commenced. The third period was from Taejo’s 20th year through his 26th, when fortresses were constructed towards the inner areas of the Eastern region. The fourth period continued throughout the reigns of Hyejong, Jeongjong and Gwangjong, as fortresses began to be built beyond the Cheongcheon-gang river line. And the final and fifth period was the ending days of King Gwangjong’s reign, when reclamation in both directions continued, one headed deeper into the inland and the other headed toward the Northwest region.