Impact of Habitat Damage on Wikstroemia ganpi (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. Genetic Diversity and Structure
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Wikstroemia ganpi grow the southern coastal regions in Korea, small population and areclassified as a critically endangered species. The majority of habitats are located near forestpaths and reservoirs at the edge of mountains, indicating that there is considerable humaninterference and severe fragmentation of populations, as well as damage to individuals as aresult of forest fires and soil erosion. We evaluated the genetic diversity in populations, geneticdifferentiation between populations, and genetic structure to provide data to support theconservation of W. ganpi. W. ganpi populations showed lower genetic diversity(mean level:P.95=36%, S.I=0.170, h=0.113) and higher genetic differentiation(40%) between populations thanother species with similar characteristics did. And the among population gene flow(Nm) washighly restricted at 0.87. The four populations revealed that there were fixed alleles in thedifferent loci of each population. This result can be explained by the effects of genetic drift. Structure analysis and the PCA results were more indicative of separate groups than a geneticstructure that was linked to populations. This reflects the high level of genetic differentiationbetween populations and the unique alleles within each population. As a result, lower geneticdiversity and higher genetic differentiation between populations of W. ganpi. And the effects ofinbreeding were observed, as well as asexual reproduction in some populations. Therefore, toconserve W. ganpi, all the surveyed populations need to be designated for on-site conservationand monitored continually. A research on the spatial genetic structure needs to be conducted toobtain information on sample extraction for off-site conservation. This structure would be ableto minimize the wasting of samples that could be obtained from limited genetic resources andwould enable further focused and efficient management.
Abstract
Wikstroemia ganpi grow the southern coastal regions in Korea, small population and areclassified as a critically endangered species. The majority of habitats are located near forestpaths and reservoirs at the edge of mountains, indicating that there is considerable humaninterference and severe fragmentation of populations, as well as damage to individuals as aresult of forest fires and soil erosion. We evaluated the genetic diversity in populations, geneticdifferentiation between populations, and genetic structure to provide data to support theconservation of W. ganpi. W. ganpi populations showed lower genetic diversity(mean level:P.95=36%, S.I=0.170, h=0.113) and higher genetic differentiation(40%) between populations thanother species with similar characteristics did. And the among population gene flow(Nm) washighly restricted at 0.87. The four populations revealed that there were fixed alleles in thedifferent loci of each population. This result can be explained by the effects of genetic drift. Structure analysis and the PCA results were more indicative of separate groups than a geneticstructure that was linked to populations. This reflects the high level of genetic differentiationbetween populations and the unique alleles within each population. As a result, lower geneticdiversity and higher genetic differentiation between populations of W. ganpi. And the effects ofinbreeding were observed, as well as asexual reproduction in some populations. Therefore, toconserve W. ganpi, all the surveyed populations need to be designated for on-site conservationand monitored continually. A research on the spatial genetic structure needs to be conducted toobtain information on sample extraction for off-site conservation. This structure would be ableto minimize the wasting of samples that could be obtained from limited genetic resources andwould enable further focused and efficient management.
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