배양액 농도가 수경재배 토마토의 품종별 생육과 양수분 흡수특성에 미치는 영향
Effect of Concentration of Nutrient Solution on Water and Nutrient Uptake of Tomato Cultivars in Hydroponics
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초록
배양액의 농도 조건과 품종별 양수분 흡수특성을 구명하여 장기 수경재배를 위한 기초자료를 획득하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 시험 품종으로 토마토 대과종으로는 적색계인 ‘대프니스’와 도색계인 ‘수퍼도태랑’ 소과종으로는 ‘미니찰’ 품종을 이용하였다. 담액재배하였으며 배양액의 EC를 1.0dS·m-1,2.0dS·m-1, 3.0dS·m-1, 4.0dS·m-1로 다르게 공급하였다. 배양액의 EC가 높은 처리에서 초기에는엽면적, 생체중이 감소하였으며 염류장해가 발생하면서 생육(초장, 엽면적, 경경, 생체중)이 불량해졌다. 배양액의 EC가 높을수록 수분흡수가 적었다. 수분흡수량은 1차에서는 품종별 차이가 뚜렷하지 않았으나 2차 조사에서는 ‘대프니스’가 EC 2.0dS·m-1 이상에서도 수분흡수가 크게 감소하지 않았으나 ‘수퍼도태랑’은 높은 EC 처리에서 수분 흡수가 감소하였다. 배양액의 EC가 낮은 처리에서 무기이온의 흡수는 N, P, K는 급액농도 보다 높게 흡수된 반면에 Ca, Mg, S는 흡수율이 낮았다. 배양액의 EC가 높은 처리에서는 대부분의 이온이 초기 투입농도의 50% 이하로 흡수되었다. 따라서 EC가 낮은 처리가 높은 처리 보다 흡수되고 남은 배양액의 이온간 불균형이 심하였다. 품종 간에는 ‘대프니스’가 저농도에서흡수량이 많고 고농도에서는 흡수량이 적어 불량한 양분조건에서 양분을 효율적으로 이용하는 품종이었으나 과잉 흡수된 양분으로 인한 장해 증상은 가장 심하게 나타내었다.
Abstract
This study was carried out to acquire basic data for a long-term hydroponic culture throughinvestigating water and inorganic ion uptake characteristics at different EC level of nutrientsolution of three tomato varieties. Three different tomato varieties, the European type(cv. Daphnis), the Asian type(cv. Super Doterang) and cherry type(cv. Minichal), were used for theinvestigation. Also, the deep flow technique(DFT) was applied. The three different electricalconductivity(EC) level(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 dS·m-1) of hydroponic nutrient solution were usedas variable. At a high EC level of nutrient solution, the leaf area and fresh weight decreased inthe early stage, and its growth(plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh-weight) was poor withsalt stress. Result showed that the higher the EC level of the nutrient solution, the lesser waswater uptake. The water uptake was not significantly different from varieties in the first survey,but In the second survey, the 'Daphnis' did not show a significant decrease in water uptake in the EC level higher than 2.0 dS·m-1., on the other hand, 'Super Doterang' presented very lowwater uptake. At a low EC level, N, P, and K, were absorbed more than the concentration ofthe irrigation water, while Ca, Mg, S uptake were low. At a high EC level, almost ionsabsorbed less than 50% of the initial concentration of irrigation water. Thus, imbalance amongions was severe at low EC level compared to high EC level. 'Daphnis' was a variety thateffectively utilize nutrients under nutrient stress, showing high absorption at low concentrationcondition and low absorption at high concentration condition. However, 'Daphnis' suffered mostseriously by absorbing nutrients excessively.
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