한우 급여 단백질 사료원의 반추위 내 미생물 발효에 따른 우회 단백질과 반추위 미생물 아미노산 조성에 미치는 영향
Evaluation of Typical Protein Sources for Hanwoo Cattle on Rumen Bypass Protein and Their Effects on the Composition of Rumen Microbial Amino Acids
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초록
반추동물의 급여 단백질 효율성은 반추위 내 미생물 발효에 따른 우회단백질, 미생물체단백질, 사료 및 미생물체의 아미노산 구성 등에 의해결정된다. 실험 1은 주요 단백질 사료원료 중 국내 한우 사육에 주로 이용되는 사료원료 15종[옥수수(남미), 옥수수(우크라이나), 단백피(국내), 단백피(중국1), 단백피(중국2), 대두박(국내), 대두박(미국), 대두박(브라질), DDGS(미국), 팜박(인도네시아), 채종박(캐나다), 루핀(미국), 미강(국내), 주정박(국내), 타피오카(인도네시아)]의 반추위 내 단백질과 아미노산의 우회 수준을 측정하였다. 캐뉼라 장착 한우 암소를 이용하여 in situ 실험을 진행하였다. 우회 단백질 함량은 타피오카(인도네시아)에서 59.98%로 가장 높았다. 타피오카(인도네시아)는 총 우회 아미노산 함량이 73.73% 로 가장 높았으며, glutamic acid (Glu)와 alanine (Ala)이 72.17%, 75.23%로 가장 높았다. 실험 2에서는 실험 1과 같은 원료를 사용해 반추위내 미생물 발효 특성에 따른 미생물체 아미노산 조성분석을 실시하였다. 실험 결과 채종박(캐나다)의 pH는 6.99 (p<0.05), 미생물 단백질 합성량은326.53mg/100mL (p<0.05), NH3-N의 농도는 단백피(중국 1)가 48.20mg/100mL (p<0.05)로 높았다. 옥수수(우크라이나)의 총 VFA 농도는97.92mM (p<0.05)이었다. 미생물의 총 아미노산 함량은 대두박(미국) 52.07%로 높았으며 아미노산 조성은 모든 시험 사료에서 Glu가 높았다. 따라서, 본 연구는 한우의 급여 단백질 사료원에 대한 반추위 내 우회단백질, 우회아미노산함량과 반추위 내 미생물 아미노산 조성에 대한 연구를실시하였으며, 향후 한우 단백질 급여사료원에 대한 대사단백질(MP) 공급체계의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
The efficiency of feeding protein for ruminants is determined by the composition of bypass proteins, microbial proteins, feed and microbial amino acid fermentations in the rumen. Experiment 1 was conducted with 15 protein sources [Corn grain (South America), Corn grain (Ukraine), Corn gluten feed (Korea), Corn gluten feed (China 1), Corn gluten feed (China 2), Soybean meal (Korea), Soybean meal (USA), Soybean meal (Brazil), DDGS (USA), Palm kernel expeller (Indonesia), Rapeseed meal (Canada), Lupin (USA), Rice bran (Korea), Distillers grain (Korea), Tapioca (Indonesia)] and measured the bypass protein and bypass amino acids. The bypass ratio was the highest at 59.98% in Tapioca (Indonesia). Tapioca (Indonesia) had the highest bypass total amino acid content of 73.73%. Glu and Ala of tapioca (Indonesia) were the highest at 72.17% and 75.23%. In experiment 2, 15 kinds of typical protein sources for Hanwoo steers, the same as those in Experiment 1, were analyzed for the amonio acid composition of rumen microbes following in vitro rumen fermentation. As a result of the experiment, the pH of rapeseed meal (Canada) was 6.99 (p<0.05), the amount of microbial protein synthesis was 326.53mg/100 mL (p<0.05). The concentration of NH3-N is highest at 48.20mg/100 mL (p<0.05) in soybean meal (China 1). The total VFA concentration of corn grain (Ukraine) was highest at 97.92mM (p<0.05). The total amino acid content of the microbial protein was highest at 52.07% of soybean meal (USA). The amino acid composition was the highest in Glu in all feed sources. The results of the present study provide some fundamental data for typical protein sources commonly used for Hanwoo steers in terms of bypass protein and its amino acid composition and also changes in microbial amino acid when those protein sources were fermented in vitro. This information may also provide insight into the supply of metabolizable protein for Hanwoo that are not available in the current feeding standard in Korea.
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