상추 점무늬병을 일으키는 Alternaria alternata의 분리 및 살균제 효과 검정
Isolation and Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Alternaria alternata Causing Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease on Lettuce
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Alternaria alternata는 전세계적으로 상추(Lactuca sativa L.)에 점무늬병(Alternaria leaf spot)을 일으켜 작물의 수량을 감소시키고 품질을저해하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 우리나라에서 상추 점무늬병에 대한 공식적인 보고가 없고 방제를 위한 약제도 등록되지 않았다. 본 실험에서는강원도 지역의 로메인상추 재배지를 조사하고 점무늬병에 걸린 로메인상추로부터 병원균을 분리하였다. 18S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS)와 RNA polymerase II subunit 2(RPB2)영역의 DNA 염기서열을 분석하여 분리한 병원균이 A. alternata임을 확인하였고, 로메인상추에병원균을 재접종하여 해당 병원균이 점무늬병의 원인 병원균임을 확인하였다. A. alternata의 화학적 방제를 위해 mancozeb, boscalid, benomyl, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin, fludioxonil 성분의 살균제를 선발하여 항균효과를 확인하였다. 확인 결과 10 μg/ml의 농도에서 fludioxonil이약 98%의 균사생장 억제효과를 보여주어 가장 높은 효과를 나타내었으며, difenoconazole, boscalid, azoxystrobin, benomyl, mancozeb가 10μg/ml 의 농도에서 각각 약 85%, 58%, 42%, 12%, 7% 순으로 균사생장 억제효과를 보여주었다. 본 연구는 국내에서 최초로 상추 점무늬병과 그원인균을 보고한다.
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is one of the most important dietary vegetable crop consumed fresh in salads, sandwiches, and ssam (a veggie wrap). Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata is a common and severe symptom on romaine lettuce causing serious yield losses, but no fungicides are available to manage Alternaria leaf spot on romaine lettuce in South Korea. Therefore, we investigated romaine lettuce fields in Gangwon province, collected romaine lettuce leaves with symptoms of Alternaria leaf spot, and isolated the causal agents. By the sequence analysis of 18S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and RNA polymerase II subunit 2(RPB2), the causal fungus was identified as A. alternata. We examined the inhibitory effects of six fungicides (mancozeb, boscalid, benomyl, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin, and fludioxonil) on mycelial growth of A. alternata isolates. The most effective fungicide was fludioxonil with 98% mycelial growth inhibition at the concentration of 10 μg/ml for A. alternata isolates. Benomyl and mancozeb were relatively less effective compared to other fungicides with 12% and 7% mycelial growth inhibition for A. alternaria isolates at the concentration of 10 μg/ml, respectively.
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