식량안보 및 식량의 범위에 대한 연구
A Study on Food Security and Scope of Food in the Food Security
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초록
최근 정부는 공익직불제를 도입하면서 직불금 지급의 근거로 농업 및 농촌이 제공하는 공익기능을 제시하였다. 농업·농촌의 공익기능은 「농업식품기본법」에서 6가지를 제시하고 있다. 6가지 기능 중 대부분은 시장기구를 통하지 않은 외부성과 관련된 기능들이고, 시장과 직접 연관된 기능은식량의 안정적 공급 기능이다. 식량의 안정적 공급 기능은 흔히 식량안보 기능으로 언급된다. 그동안 식량안보 기능이 공공재라는 주장은 많았지만구체적으로 공공재 여부를 살펴본 논문은 없었다. 이 논문은 식량안보 기능을 비배제성과 비경합성의 측면에서 공공재 여부를 판단해봄과 동시에, 식량안보 기능의 수행 주체 및 식량의 범위 등에 대한 논점들을 정리하였다.
Abstract
In the recent years the Korean government introduced a new direct payment program based on the functions which agriculture and rural communities provide the society, that is, six functions listed in the Act of Agriculture, Rural Community and Food Industry. Among them the stable supply of food is related with the concept of public goods in economics. This paper is designed to review whether the function of food security is compatible with the concept of public goods with respect to non-exclusiveness and non-rivalry. The food security is considered public goods in that any people within the border have the opportunity to access food without any cost and that governments cannot keep people from approaching the opportunity just because they do not pay taxes. This paper also recommends to revise the concepts and scope of food defined in the related laws, to apply the international concepts of food security to Korea.
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