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국내 밀 신품종 판별을 위한 마커 조합과 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) 마커의 개발 및 검정

Development of SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) Markers and Evaluation of Marker Combinations for Identification of Korean Wheat Cultivars

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밀은 세계 3대 주요 작물이지만 우리나라는 대부분 수입에 의존하고 있으며, 자급률이 1%도 도달하지 못한 실정이다. 국내 밀 품종은 40여종 이상으로 지속적으로 개발되고 있으며, 품종마다 용도와 농업적 특성이 달라 목표 형질에 맞는 적절한 품종을 선택하여 재배하는 것이 중요하다. 품종을 정확하고 빠르게 판별하기 위해선 분자 마커 기술이 필요하다. 분자 마커는 생육 환경과 시기에 영향을 받지 않고 다양한 품종을 신속하고정확하게 구분할 수 있어 유전적 변이성, 농업 형질 등을 분석하기에 유용하다. 본 연구는 기존에 보고된 국내 밀 32품종에 대한 SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) 판별 마커를 재검정하여 재현성이 높은 마커를 선별하였으며, 기존에 검정되지 않은 국내 밀 9품종에 추가적용하여 비교분석하였다. 15개의 마커 세트 중 6개의 마커가 재현성과 정확도가 높은 것으로 확인되었고, 최종적으로 국내 41품종 중 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12번 마커를 이용하여 다홍, 금강, 밀성, 조은, 수강, 한백, 조광, 영광을 판별할 수 있었다. 또한, 4번 마커를 통한 증폭산물의 염기서열분석을 통해 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)를 발굴하여 ‘올밀’에 대한 새로운 품종 판별 마커인 SdHRM1과 SdHRM2를 개발하여HRM (High Resolution Melts) 분석을 시행하여 육안으로 판단하기 어려운 SNP를 정확하게 판별할 수 있었다. 품종간의 SNP를 활용한 품종마커 기술은 다양한 농업형질에 적용할 수 있으며, 분자 육종 프로그램에 실질적인 도움이 되는데 큰 기여를 할 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's three major crops and is the second most produced crop in the world after maize. However, the international situation and extreme weather are affecting wheat price fluctuations. In addition, production of domestic wheat is not able to meet the consumption, so it is dependent on imported wheat. Korean wheat breeding of new cultivars is being actively carried out to improve quality and increase productivity and is expected to contribute to stabilizing the self-sufficiency of wheat in Korea. A total of 40 domestic wheat cultivars have been developed, and the characteristics of the soft, medium, and low amylose are different between cultivars, so it was important to select and cultivate an appropriate cultivars according to the intended purpose. Molecular markers are useful for analyzing genetic variability and agricultural traits because they can quickly distinguish various varieties without being affected by the growing environment or growth period of crops. In this study, we evaluated the reproducibility of previously reported SCAR cultivars specific markers for 32 Korean cultivars and compared and analyzed additional 9 cultivars. A total of 6 markers were selected from 15 marker sets with high reproducibility and accuracy. Finally, using 6 markers (KWSM- 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12), it was possible to identify Dahong, Keumgang, Milseong, Joeun, Joeun, Hanbaek, Chokwang, and Youngkwang among all 41 Korean wheat cultivars. In addition, a new cultivars identification marker of 'Ol', SdHRM1, and SdHRM2, was developed as SNP by sequencing information with KWSM 4. In addition, the discrimination of varieties through HRMs (High-Resolution Melts) was able to accurately determine SNPs that were difficult to judge with agarose electrophoresis. Molecular marker technology utilizing SNP can be applied to various agricultural traits and is expected to offer molecular breeding programs practical assistance.

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