스페인어 기상동사(meteorological verbs)의주어에 관한 연구
A Study on the Subject of Spanish Meterological Verbs
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본 연구에서는 스페인어 기상동사의 논항주어를 통사적 관점에서 분석해 보고자 한다. 기상동사는 일반적으로 비인칭으로 간주되나 시간 또는 공간의 의미를 가진 일종의 주어를 내포하고 있다고 여겨진다. 생성문법에서는 특히 기상동사를 비롯한 비인칭 동사들이 나타난 구문의 주어를 허사로 판단하여 스페인어와 같은 영주어 언어에서는 공범주 허사 pro를 주어위치에 설정하여 절(clause) 구조의 필수요건인 확대투사원리를 만족한다고 설명하고 있다. 하지만 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 허사 pro의 설정은 기상동사 구문에 나타나는 암묵적 또는 명시적주어 명사구의 통사적·의미적 특성에 비추어 볼 때 적절치 않으며 오히려 준논항(quasiargumental) pro에 가까워 보인다는 점을 지적해 본다. 또한 스페인어 기상동사와 여타 비대격동사와의 통사적 유사성을 근거로 기상동사의 논항구조에 대해 살펴봄으로써 주어가 과연 무엇인지에 대해 논의해 보고자 한다.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze the subject of Spanish meteorological verbs from a lexico-syntactic point of view. It has been noted that meteorological verbs are considered to be impersonal, but they involve a sort of subject which may express either time or space. In the generative literature, the subject of impersonal constructions including those with meteorological verbs has been analyzed as expletive, and in the case of a null subject language like Spanish, expletive pro has been posited in subject position, crucially to satisfy the so-called ‘EPP’-feature of T. However, I argue against such postulation of expletive pro in Spanish meteorological verbs, suggesting that both overt and covert NPs in subject position should be an instance of quasi-argumental pro on the basis of syntactic as well as semantic properties of the NPs in question. Based on a number of syntactic similarities between meteorological verbs and unaccusative verbs, I also discuss the argument structure of Spanish meteorological verbs in order to better understand the genuine subject thereof.
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