콜롬비아 페트로 정부의 재산업화 정책의 평가와 과제
Evaluation and Challenges of Gustavo Petro's Reindustrialization Policy in Colombia
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 산업정책의 전통이 강하지 않은 콜롬비아에서 페트로(Gustavo Petro) 좌파 정부가 30년 만에 추진하는 재산업화 정책의 주요 내용과 특징을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 과제를 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 콜롬비아는 중남미 내에서 보수 우파의 대표적인 국가로 인식되어 왔기 때문에, 페트로 정부의 산업정책 추진은 신자유주의적 경제기조에서 벗어나려는 상징적인 전환으로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 페트로 정부의 재산업화 정책을 △미션 지향적 접근, △미래 대비, △이해관계자 간 협력, △지역 및 글로벌 차원의 조율, △정책 실행 역량 등 다섯 가지 기준으로 평가했다. 분석 결과, 탈산업화 극복과 사회적·환경적 목표를 연계한 미션 지향적 접근, 친환경적이고 미래지향적인 산업 육성, 그리고 다양한 이해관계자의 의견을 반영한 상향식 접근은 긍정적으로 평가된다. 그러나 지방정부의 참여 부족, 부처 간 협력 미흡, 예산 부족, 통상정책과의 연계 부족, 강력한 리더십 부재, 거시경제정책과의 부조화 등은 주요 한계로 지적된다.
Abstract
This study aims to examine the key elements and characteristics of the first reindustrialization policy introduced by Gustavo Petro's leftist government in Colombia, marking the country's most significant industrial policy initiative in nearly 30 years. Colombia, traditionally lacking a strong industrial policy framework, has often been seen as a representative conservative stronghold in Latin America. Against this backdrop, Petro's industrialization policy signifies a symbolic departure from neoliberalism. The study evaluates this policy based on five criteria: a mission-oriented approach, future preparedness, stakeholder collaboration, coordination at regional and global levels, and the capacity for effective implementation. The analysis highlights positive aspects, such as the mission-oriented approach that connects reindustrialization with social and environmental goals, the promotion of eco-friendly and future-oriented industries, and the inclusive bottom-up process that incorporates input from diverse stakeholders. However, several significant limitations were identified, including insufficient participation from local governments, a lack of inter-ministerial coordination, inadequate funding, weak alignment with trade policies, the absence of strong leadership, and limited harmonization with macroeconomic policies.
참고문헌 (33)
- "La política nacional de reindustrialización ¿misión imposible?" (2023)[URL]
- "La resistencia a la reindustrialización para el desarrollo" (2023)[URL]
- "Mazzucato y la política nacional de reindustrialización" (2024)[URL]
- Adams, G., "Industrial Policies for Growth and Competitiveness" (1983), Lexington Books
- "Reindustrialización de Brasil y Colombia: ¿Qué tanta plata destinará cada país para la política industrial?" (2024)[URL]
- "Energía renovable para la Transición Energética, Business Mail Digital: Edición 187 - Sostenibilidad: Transición Energética 2023" (2023)[URL]
- Aiginger, K., "The Matrix Approach to Industrial Policy", International Review of Applied Economics, 20(5), pp.573~603 (2006)
- Bettín Díaz, R. R., "Enfoque crítico sobre la evolución de la política industrial en Colombia, Universidad EAN, Facultad de Posgrados" (2014), Bogotá
- Blanco, L. A., "De vuelta al cambio estructural y a la política industrial", Odeon, 25, pp.7~53 (2023)
- "Gustavo Petro, the president who is ushering in an ecological revolution in Colombia" (2024)[URL]
- "Colombia Plans to Boost Oil Output With a Drilling Push" (2024)[URL]
- Buendía Pastrana, J. C., "La desindustrialización en Colombia desde la apertura económica", Revista CIFE, 18(28), pp.71~89 (2016)
- Castillo Martín, L. M., "Política industrial en Colombia, contexto histórico y análisis de las propuestas recientes hasta 2014", Intercambio, Revista de Estudiantes de Economía, (1), pp.14~36 (2014)
- Política Nacional de Reindustrialización, "CONPES", Departamento Nacional de Planeación, ~ (2023)
- "La nueva Política Nacional de Reindustrialización" (2024)[URL]
- Curzon Price, V., "Industrial Policies in the European Community", ~ (1981)
- Echavarría, J. J, "El proceso colombiano de desindustrialización, Borradores de Economía, 361, Banco de la República", ~ (2006)
- Esteban, J., "The Industrial Policy Revolution II: Africa in the Twenty-First Century" (2013), Palgrave Macmillan
- Los ‘pendientes’ del plan de reindustrialización, "GómezGuasca, Constanza", Revista Banca & Economia, 18~19 (2024)
- Jacquemin, A., "Industrial Policies and the Community" (1983), Main Economic Policy Areas of the EEC
- Johnson, Ch, "The Idea of Industrial Policy" (1984), The Industrial Policy Debate
- The new economics of industrial policy, "Juhász, R.", National Bureau of Economic Research, ~, pp.Working Paper No. 31538 (2023)
- El proceso de desindustrialización de la economía colombiana en el siglo XXI, Disertación de maestría, "Márquez Garzón, C. A.", Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, ~ (2023)
- Industrial Policies in Colombia, "Meléndez, M.", Fedesarrollo & Inter-American Development Bank, ~ (2010)
- Ministerio de Comercio, "Informe sobre los acuerdos comerciales vigentes de Colombia", ~ (2024)
- Peneder, M., "Competitiveness and Industrial Policy: From Rationalities of Failure Towards the Ability to Evolve", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 41(3), pp.829~858 (2017)
- Pombo Vejarano, C., "Industrialization and Industrial Policy in Colombia: A Tale of Economic Development", Borradores de Investigación, 31, pp.3~19 (2002)
- Industrial Policy for the Twenty-First Century, "Rodrik, D.", ~, pp.CEPR Discussion Paper 4767 (2004)
- Sanabria Gómez, "Tres décadas de desindustrialización en Colombia", Revista Apuntes del CENES, 27(43), pp.117~130 (2007)
- Saggi, K., "Is There a Case for Industrial Policy? A Critical Survey", The World Bank Research Observer, 21(2), pp.267~297 (2006)
- "Reindustrializar" (2024)[URL]
- Industrial Development Report 2024: Turning Challenges into Sustainable Solutions - The New Era of Industrial Policy, "UNIDO", United Nations Industrial Development Organization, ~ (2024)
- Análisis del proceso de desindustrialización en Colombia, una visión contextual, Trabajo de grado para optar por el título de Economista, "Vanegas Tarazona, D. L.", Universidad de La Salle, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Programa de Economía, ~ (2020)