日本近代詩の中の〈海洋〉― 〈抒情〉の海から〈観念〉の海へ ―

Abstract

The purpose of this essay is to consider definition of the ocean poetry which has not highlighted in Japan and to find out new side of Japanese modern literature. Many images the ocean possessing give important background to idea of literature. At the beginning of this essay, about expansion of the image that the ocean has, noticing the ocean through some works, I defined the ocean literature is both of world of land and of relativized literature. I paid attention to tradition of Japanese literature that drawing permanent residents living on the land by the sight of non-permanent residents in a monotonous and unstable ocean. And I want to categorize ocean literature not only Literature that describe the ocean as background but also Literature that land of the world (logics of permanent resident) is relativized through shape of ocean. In this essay, especially, I studied poetry named “Moon light and Jellyfish” of Sakutaro Hagiwara and “A song of Jellyfish” of Mitsuharu Kaneko. I looked the ideological ocean which relativize land with images of <Jellyfish> on both poet’s poetry. Reckoning world of human as negative one and the ocean as positive, Sakutaro Hagiwara tried to describe <Jellyfish> as ideal image which is compared with human. On the other side, Mitsuharu Kaneko thought human world positive. But the present world divest virtue of humanity from human being so that humans in the poetry described as <Jellyfish> which flayed there bone and cast away to the ocean. Even if Images of <Jellyfish> in both poetry are contrastive, it is same that they are reflecting the reality of human world considerably. “Human”, in the poetry of Sakutaro, heads to ocean because there life is so harsh. However, in the poetry of Mitsuharu, Water is surging to human life, it becomes ocean, giving the feeling that had run out of land. In Japanese modern poetry, The ocean has changed from “Lyrical ocean” Chuya Nakahara wrote to “Ideological ocean” Sakutaro Hagiwara wrote. And that world has being inherited to Shuntaro Tanigawa from Mitsuharu Kaneko.