보편문법에 근거한 제2언어 습득 가능성: 한국인 아동 영어학습자의 재귀대명사 습득을 중심으로
Some Hints for UG-based SLA: Focus on the Acquisition of English Reflexive Pronouns by Young Korean Learners
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이 연구는 한국인 취학 전 7세 아동 영어학습자가 어떻게 목표어의 재귀대명사를 습득하는가에 대한 실태를 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 구체적인 연구방법으로 두 가지 종류의 실험이 실시되었는데, 첫 번째 실험은 한국인 7세 아동 164명을 대상으로 모국어 ‘자기’, ‘자신’이라는 용어를 제대로 이해하고 사용하는지를 진단하였다. 진단 결과는 이해능력(90.85%)와 표출능력(70.12%)의 정답률이 나타났는데, 이는 대부분의 한국인 취학 전 7세 아동들은 모국어 재귀대명사를 정확하게 습득한 상태임을 보여준다. 두 번째 실험은 영어환경에 1년 이상 노출된 한국인 7세 아동 20명을 선별하여 재귀대명사 herself, himself 가 포함된 영어동화 3편을 제시하여 명시적인 교육 없이, 미흡한 입력으로 그들에게 목표어 재귀대명사의 의미와 선행사 관계를 파악하도록 하였다. 총 4차례에 걸친 실험결과는 한국인 7세 아동 영어학습자이 목표어의 불충분한 입력에도 불구하고 재귀대명사의 올바른 쓰임을 비교적 빨리 인식한다는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 종합해 볼 때, 본 연구결과는 한국인 영어학습자가 재귀대명사와 관련된 결속이론의 언어지식을 생득한다는 점을 시사한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate how young Korean EFL learners acquire English reflexive pronouns. To achieve this aim, two experiments were conducted to 7-year-old Korean EFL learners as follows: The first experiment was administered to 167, 7-year-old Korean EFL learners to check whether they already acquired Korean reflexive pronouns, caki, casin. This experiment consisted of two tests of comprehension and production, and the results were that their answers of the comprehension test were 90.85% correct; those of the production test 70.12% correct. This means that almost all the young Koreans already acquired Korean reflexive pronouns. For the second experiment, 20 Korean EFL learners at the age of 7, who had already been learning English for one year, were exposed to three English stories containing reflexive pronouns. Right after their exposure to the English stories, 4 comprehension tests were administerd to them to see whether they were able to understand the reflexive pronouns in English. The findings were that they were not only able to correctly pair the reflexive pronouns and their antecedents in English but also able to relate English reflexive morpheme–self to its Korean equivalents caki or casin. From these findings we could infer that the young Korean EFL learners were innately endowed with the knowledge of reflexive pronouns.
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