The Acquisition of English Anaphors by Korean Secondary School Students
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초록
This study aims to investigate Korean learners' acquisition pattern of English reflexives and pronouns. Sixty middle school students, aged from 14 to 16, participated in this experimental study. According to our study, Korean English learners understood the distribution and interpretation of reflexives and pronouns, Principle A and B and preferred a nearer and a more prominent NP in the same clause as its antecedent, even for a sentence that requires a distant NP, as in L1. We explained it with syntactic principles of “locality" and “prominence". Also, Korean learners of English as L2 show that Principle A and B emerge from a relatively early point in syntactic development, and that Principle B is not acquired later than Principle A, as English native speakers do. Consequently, as Korean students recognized syntactic principles, the comprehension of reflexives and pronouns depends on pragmatic considerations. In other words, the interpretation of reflexives and pronouns should be explained in terms of semantics or pragmatics.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate Korean learners' acquisition pattern of English reflexives and pronouns. Sixty middle school students, aged from 14 to 16, participated in this experimental study. According to our study, Korean English learners understood the distribution and interpretation of reflexives and pronouns, Principle A and B and preferred a nearer and a more prominent NP in the same clause as its antecedent, even for a sentence that requires a distant NP, as in L1. We explained it with syntactic principles of “locality" and “prominence". Also, Korean learners of English as L2 show that Principle A and B emerge from a relatively early point in syntactic development, and that Principle B is not acquired later than Principle A, as English native speakers do. Consequently, as Korean students recognized syntactic principles, the comprehension of reflexives and pronouns depends on pragmatic considerations. In other words, the interpretation of reflexives and pronouns should be explained in terms of semantics or pragmatics.
참고문헌 (50)
- Bloom, P, "Possible names,In The role of syntax semantics mapping in the acquisition of nominals", Lingua, 92, pp.297~329 (1994)
- Chomsky, N, "Lectures on Government and Binding" (1981), Foris
- Chomsky, N, "Principles and Parameters in Syntactic Theory", pp.123~146 (1981), Explanation in Linguistics
- Cho, SK, "Universal grammar and the Subset Principle in Second Language Acquisition,In The Acquisition of the Governing Category Parameter by Adult Korean Learners of English", 박사, pp.1992
- Finer, D, "Second language acquisition of reflexive binding", NELS, 16, pp.154~168 (1986)
- Givón, T, "Syntax,In A Functional typological introduction" (1984), Benjamins
- Grimshaw, J, "Knowledge and Obedience,In The Developmental Status of the Binding Theory", Linguistic Inquiry, 21, pp.187~222 (1990)
- Grodzinsky, Y, "The Innateness of Binding and Coreference", Linguistic Inquiry, 21, pp.187~222 (1993)
- Haegeman, L, "Government and Binding Theory" (1984), Blackwell
- Hermon, G, "Binding Theory and Parameter Setting", The Linguistic Review, 9, pp.145~181 (1992)
- Hermon, G, "Long-Distance Reflexives in UG,In Theoretical Approaches and Predictions for Acquisition", pp.91~111 (1994), Erlbaum
- Jackubowicz, C, "On Markedness and Binding Principles", the North East Linguisitic Society, 통권 : 14, pp.154~182 (1984)
- O'Grady W, "Syntactic Development" (1985), The University of Chicago
- O'Grady W, "Directionality Preferences in the Interpretation of Aanaphora,In Data from Korean and Japanese", Journal of Child Language, 13, pp.409~420 (1986)
- Otsu, Y, "Universal Grammar and Syntactic Development in Children,In Toward a Theory of Syntactic Development", 박사, pp.1981
- Read, C, "Children's Interpretation of Reflexives and Pronouns in English", pp.98~116 (1979), Newbury House
- Reinhart, T, "Anaphora and semantic interpretation" (1983), Croom Helm
- Solan,L, "Pronominal reference,In Child language ang the theory of grammar" (1983), Reidel
- Solan, L, "Parameter Setting and the Development of Pronouns and Reflexives", pp.189~210 (1987), Erlbaum
- Thomas, M, "Knowledge of Reflexives in a Second Language" (1993), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Kaufman. D, "Grammatical or pragmatic: Will the real Principle B please stand up? In Syntactic Theory and First Language Acquisition: Cross linguisticPerspectives", pp.201~226 (1994), Erlbaum
- Koster, Ch, "Problems with Pronoun Acquisition", pp.201~226 (1994), Erlbaum
- Kuno, S, "Functional Syntax: Anaphora, Discourse, and Emphathy" (1987), University of Chicago
- Wexler, K, "The Development of Lexical Anaphors and Pronouns", Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, 24, pp.138~149 (1985)
- White, L, "Universal Grammar and Second Language Acquisition" (1989), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Bloom, P, "Possible names,In The role of syntax semantics mapping in the acquisition of nominals", Lingua, 92, pp.297~329 (1994)
- Chomsky, N, "Lectures on Government and Binding" (1981), Foris
- Chomsky, N, "Principles and Parameters in Syntactic Theory", pp.123~146 (1981), Explanation in Linguistics
- Cho, S K, "Universal grammar and the Subset Principle in Second Language Acquisition,In The Acquisition of the Governing Category Parameter by Adult Korean Learners of English", 박사, pp.1992
- Finer, D, "Second language acquisition of reflexive binding", NELS, 16, pp.154~168 (1986)
- Givón, T, "Syntax,In A Functional typological introduction" (1984), Benjamins
- Grimshaw, J, "Knowledge and Obedience,In The Developmental Status of the Binding Theory", Linguistic Inquiry, 21, pp.187~222 (1990)
- Grodzinsky, Y, "The Innateness of Binding and Coreference", Linguistic Inquiry, 21, pp.187~222 (1993)
- Haegeman, L, "Government and Binding Theory" (1984), Blackwell
- Hermon, G, "Binding Theory and Parameter Setting", The Linguistic Review, 9, pp.145~181 (1992)
- Hermon, G, "Long-Distance Reflexives in UG,In Theoretical Approaches and Predictions for Acquisition", pp.91~111 (1994), Erlbaum
- Jackubowicz, C, "On Markedness and Binding Principles", the North East Linguisitic Society, 통권 : 14, pp.154~182 (1984)
- O'Grady W, "Syntactic Development" (1985), The University of Chicago
- O'Grady W, "Directionality Preferences in the Interpretation of Aanaphora,In Data from Korean and Japanese", Journal of Child Language, 13, pp.409~420 (1986)
- Otsu, Y, "Universal Grammar and Syntactic Development in Children,In Toward a Theory of Syntactic Development", 박사, pp.1981
- Read, C, "Children's Interpretation of Reflexives and Pronouns in English", pp.98~116 (1979), Newbury House
- Reinhart, T, "Anaphora and semantic interpretation" (1983), Croom Helm
- Solan,L, "Pronominal reference,In Child language ang the theory of grammar" (1983), Reidel
- Solan, L, "Parameter Setting and the Development of Pronouns and Reflexives", pp.189~210 (1987), Erlbaum
- Thomas, M, "Knowledge of Reflexives in a Second Language" (1993), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Kaufman. D, "Grammatical or pragmatic: Will the real Principle B please stand up? In Syntactic Theory and First Language Acquisition: Cross-linguistic Perspectives", pp.201~226 (1994), Erlbaum
- Koster, Ch, "Problems with Pronoun Acquisition. In Syntactic Theory and First Language Acquisition: Cross-linguistic Perspectives", pp.201~226 (1994), Erlbaum
- Kuno, S, "Functional Syntax: Anaphora, Discourse, and Emphathy" (1987), University of Chicago Press
- Wexler, K, "The Development of Lexical Anaphors and Pronouns", Papers and Reports on Child Language Development, 24, pp.138~149 (1985)
- White, L, "Universal Grammar and Second Language Acquisition" (1989), John Benjamins Publishing Company