Scratch 활용 프로그래밍 교육이 중학생의 몰입수준과 프로그래밍 능력에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Scratch Based Programming Education on Middle School Students' Flow Level and Programming Achievement
0
조회
0
다운로드
24
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Programming education is one of the important subjects to enhance students' information technology fluency. It is very helpful in improving students' creative problem solving ability and understanding of computational concepts. However, it often excluded in elementary and secondary education because it is difficult to learn and teach programming languages. In this study, we propose an innovative approach with Scratch, media-rich programming environment. This induces flow experiences and reduces cognitive loads for novice learners in the middle school programming courses. We implemented a Scratch based programming course in a middle school for six weeks and analyzed the effects of Scratch based programming course on learners' flow level and programming abilities. We found that Scratch based programming experiences were helpful in enhancing novices' flow levels and achievement of programming. This result would provide the guideline for programming instruction design.
Abstract
Programming education is one of the important subjects to enhance students' information technology fluency. It is very helpful in improving students' creative problem solving ability and understanding of computational concepts. However, it often excluded in elementary and secondary education because it is difficult to learn and teach programming languages. In this study, we propose an innovative approach with Scratch, media-rich programming environment. This induces flow experiences and reduces cognitive loads for novice learners in the middle school programming courses. We implemented a Scratch based programming course in a middle school for six weeks and analyzed the effects of Scratch based programming course on learners' flow level and programming abilities. We found that Scratch based programming experiences were helpful in enhancing novices' flow levels and achievement of programming. This result would provide the guideline for programming instruction design.
참고문헌 (23)
- 교육인적자원부, "초ㆍ중등학교 교육과정. 제2007-79호", ~ (2007)
- 석임복, "Csikszentmihalyi의 몰입 요소에 근거한 학습 몰입 척도 개발 및 타당화 연구", 교육공학연구, 23(1), pp.121~154 (2007)
- 유인환, "로봇 프로그래밍을 이용한 문제해결, 정보통신기술교육의 가능성 탐색", 교육과학연구, 36(2), pp.109~128 (2005), 교육과학연구소
- 이은경, "로봇 프로그래밍 학습이 문제해결력에 미치는 영향", 컴퓨터교육학회논문지, 10(6), pp.19~27 (2007)
- 정미연, "Squeak 기반 알고리즘 학습이 학습자 문제해결능력에 미치는 영향", 석사, pp.2008
- 한건우, "Pair Programming이 학업성취도와 학습동기전략에 미치는 영향", 컴퓨터교육학회논문지, 9(6), pp.19~28 (2006)
- 한국교육과정평가원, "중학교 교과재량활동Ⅰ(한문, 정보, 환경) 교육과정 해설 연구 개발. 연구보고 CRC 2007-24호", ~ (2007)
- Barron, B., "Clubs, homes, and online communities as contexts for engaging youth in technology fluency building activities. Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Learning sciences, Bloomington, Indiana, USA", 1022~1028 (2006)
- Chen, H., "Optimal experience of Web Activities", Computers in Human behavior, 15(5), pp.585~608 (1999)
- Csikszentmihalyi, M., "Beyond boredom and anxiety" (1975), San Francisco: Jossey Bass
- Csikszentmihalyi, M., "Flow: The psychology of optimal experience" (1990), New York: Harper and Row
- Csikszentmihalyi, M., "Beyond boredom and anxiety: Experiencing flow in work and play" (2000), San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
- Csikszentmihalyi, M., "The dynamics of intrinsic motivation" (1989), New York: Academic Press
- East, P., "Point", counter-point: On using graphical languages to teach programming. National Educational Computing Conference, Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2007
- Jackson, S. A., "Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: The flow state scale", Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(1), pp.17~35 (1996)
- Kafai, Y. B., "Constructionism" (2006), New York: Cambridge University Press
- Malan, D. J., "Scratch for budding computer Scientists. Proceedings of the 38th SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education, Covington, Kentucky, USA", 223~227 (2007)
- Massimini, F., "The systematic assessment of flow in daily experience", pp.266~287 (1988), New York: Cambridge University Press
- "National council of educational research and training"[URL]
- Resnick, M., "Computer as paint brush: Technology, play, and creative society" (2006), Oxford: Oxford University Press
- "Scratch"[URL]
- "The lifelong kindergarten group"[URL]
- Tucker, A, "A model curriculum for K-12 computer science: Report of the ACM K-12 education task force computer science curriculum committee" (2003), NY: association for Computing Machinery