PISA 2015 교사인식 변인이 협력적 문제해결력에 미치는 영향: 과학성취도와 비교를 중심으로
Teacher-related Factors of Students’ Collaborative Problem Solving Capacities: Comparing the Factors of Science Achievement
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본 연구에서는 중등교사의 인식 변인들이 학생들의 협력적 문제해결력 및 과학성취도에 미치는 영향을 탐색적으로 분석하였다. 이를 위해, 협력적 문제해결력에 대한 대규모 조사를 병행했던 국제학업성취도평가(PISA) 2015를 자료를 사용하였다. 자료에는 우리나라 15세 학생 5,581명, 해당 학교 중등교사 3,013명 및 학교장 168명의 설문 결과가 포함되어 있다. 독립 변인은 PISA에서 제공하는 교사협력, 만족도, 효능감, 학교장 리더십, 교육자원 등의 지표(index)들로 측정하였고, 자료 분석은 중다회귀와 다중 대체법, 클러스터 강건 표준오차를 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 교사협력 빈도와 근무만족도가 학생들의 협력적 문제해결력과 정적인 관계가 나타났다. 그리고 교원 부족, 학교장의 변혁적 리더십, 과학교사의 협력 빈도 변인은 협력적 문제해결력과 부적인 관계를 보였다. 한편, 과학성취도는 근무만족도와 교원 부족 변인만이 통계적으로 유의한 관계를 보였다. 본 연구는 교사가 인식한 교사들의 활동 및 학교 관련 변인들이 사회인지적 역량인 협력적 문제해결력에 미치는 영향을 탐색적으로 검증한 것에 의의가 있다. 이를 토대로, 학생들의 협력적 문제해결력을 제고할 수 있도록 교사가 협력할 수 있는 학교문화를 조성하는 것과 교사가 만족할만한 근무 환경을 마련하는 것을 제언하였다.
Abstract
I explored the relationship between teacher-related factors and student achievement scores (i.e., collaborative problem solving [CPS], science). I used the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 data, targeting 168 secondary school principals, 3,013 secondary teachers, and 5,581 15-years-old students in South Korea. This study measured independent variables by employing teacher-related index from teacher survey: teacher collaboration, teacher satisfaction, teacher shortage, teacher self-efficacy. For the analysis, this study utilized multiple regression, multiple imputation, and cluster-robust standard error. As the results, I found teacher satisfaction and teacher collaboration were positively related to students’ CPS capacities. On the other hand, teacher shortages, principals’ transformational leadership, and collaboration of science teachers were negatively associated with students’ CPS scores. Regarding the students’ science achievement, only teacher satisfaction and teacher shortages were statistically related to the scores. Given results suggested that teacher-related factors had a clearer relationship with students’ CPS scores, compared to students’ science achievement. For these reasons, policymakers and administrators should pay more attention to the meaningful factors (e.g., teacher satisfaction, teacher collaboration, teacher shortage) to improve students’ CPS capacities.
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