양식어업에 따른 생태인지체계의 확장과 ‘해산물 부르기’ 의례의 진화 －전남 남해안지역 갯제를 중심으로－

Abstract

This study looked at the relationship of the development of aquaculture and sea ceremony,the change of ecology recognition system, and the patterns of the evolved sea ceremony. In addition, this study pays attention to a fact that the evolution of sea ceremony was limited to the Jeonnam southern coast. The main subject of our discussion was the Jeonnam southern coast. Details of our discussion are as follows. First, we classified the sea ceremony inherited in the coast into three patterns by the characteristics of the ceremony, and examined their characteristics. Among these festivals,the festival of ‘Calling for Seafood’ is closely related with the development of aquaculture. It is also related with seaweed aquaculture. The festival reacted with ups and owns of Nori aquaculture, and what people wished in the festival have changed as what they raise have changed mainly from Nori to other produces. Aquaculture is not just about the development of technology, but like the change from hunting to farming. In the hunting society, human beings only could catch wildlife, but they started to control the area of nature by three steps of sowing, managing, and harvesting in the farming society. Also in fishing, human beings had been only catching seafood raised in nature, but started to control sea as aquaculture was developed. As we recognized sea and mud as the space of cultivation, the ceremony of the festival started to change and evolve. As the coast because the mecca of Nori and seaweed aquaculture, the sea ceremony got to take place in the time of the autumnal equinox day. The sea ceremony at that time made ‘Calling for Seafood’ originally took place around the first month of a year as the ceremony of sowing. Whereas, these sea ceremonys in January are found out mainly in the southern coast of Jeonnam. In addition, it intensively diffused at the early period of seaweed aquaculture,mainly Nori. This is because aquaculture was mainly carried out with seaweed. The time of harvesting of shellfish or fish is not converged at a short time, but seaweed should be harvested in specific times every year. In addition, the rapid diffusion of the sea ceremony was based on the limit of ecology of aquaculture. Examining the pattern of the early stage of aquaculture showed that seed collecting in aquaculture of seaweed and shellfish is totally different with sowing a seed in farming. Human beings could not culture the seed of seaweed or shellfish in the earlier step of aquaculture. In other words, nature should sow more seed in order to harvest more.