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유가충격과 거시경제활동 : 구조모형을 통해 본 전달경로

Oil Price Shocks and the Macroeconomic Activity: Analyzing Transmission Channels using the New Keynesian Structural Model

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주제분류경제학

초록

본 논문에서는 변형된 신케인지언 개방경제 DSGE 모형을 이용하여 유가충격의 영향이 한국의 거시경제 활동에 파급되는 구체적 전달경로를 파악하고 있다. 가상실험을 통해 얻어진 주요 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유가상승의 직접적인 충격효과는 생산감소, 인플레이션율 상승, 이자율 상승으로 나타난다. 둘째, 유가충격이 인플레이션 상승에 미치는 영향은 일시적인 반면에 생산을 감소시키는 영향은 상당 기간 동안 지속된다. 셋째, 유가상승 충격에 따른 인플레이션율의 변동에는 이자율 변동을 통한 간접경로보다는 비용상승에 따른 직접경로의 영향이 더 강하게 작용한다. 넷째, 유가충격이 생산하락에 미치는 영향은 생산비용의 상승을 통한 공급경로보다는 수요위축을 통한 수요경로가 더 크게 작용한다. 다섯째, 중앙은행이 유가충격으로 인해 발생하는 인플레이션과 생산변동에 더 강하게 반응할수록 생산의 회복속도가 빨라진다. 여섯째, 중앙은행이 이자율의 조절을 통해 유가충격의 부정적 영향을 충분히 상쇄시키는 데는 한계가 있는 것으로 보인다. 끝으로, 유가충격이 거시경제활동에 미치는 영향은 간접경로보다는 직접경로를 통하여 더 강하게 파급된다.

Abstract

This paper attempts to detect the transmission channels through which oil price shocks affect macroeconomic activities in Korea using the new Keynesian structural model. The main results derived from the counterfactual experiments are as follows. First, oil price shocks lead to a decline in output and a rise in inflation rate and interest rate. Second, the effects of oil price shocks on inflation increase is temporary whereas, its influence on output decrease continuous for a relatively long period. Third, inflation rates respond more strongly to the direct channel of cost push than to the indirect channel of interest rate change. Fourth, regarding the contractionary effects of oil price shocks on output, demand channel by decline in aggregate demand has much stronger effects than supply channel by production cost increase. Fifth, if the central bank respond more strongly to changes in output and inflation rate, output will be restored more quickly to a long-run equilibrium. Sixth, there are limitations on the effects of the central bank's response to fully offset the negative effects of oil price shocks through interest rate adjustment. Lastly, the effects of oil price shocks on macroeconomic activities spread more strongly through direct channel than indirect channel.

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