수산물 관세할당 관리 법제에 관한 연구

Abstract

During the Uruguay Round, members agreed to a tariff rate quota (TRQ) system as the most appropriate method to ensure market access during the transition from an agricultural trading system of complex tariffs and non‑tariff barriers to a tariff‑only regime. The majority of members' TRQs have implemented effectively. However, certain administrative practices of member countries have hampered the performance of some TRQs, accounting for the lower rates at which they have filled and diminishing the market access they were designed to afford. Korea agreed fishery TRQ(frozen mackerel product) with European Free Trade Association (EFTA) for the first time in Korea FTA system. Korea also introduced some shrimps and squids TRQ with ASEAN countries. And it can be found in the KORUS FTA and Korea-EU FTA. The objective of TRQ for the exporting countries is to increase market access and to reduce barriers to trade. Importing country can protect its domestic market by allowing certain low in quota rate import while maintaining high out quota tariff rate. TRQ is trade barriers as a result it should be used as an interim function to increase markets access while phasing out tariff barriers. However, Korean fishery TRQ's primary purpose is collecting import mark-up and protection function of TRQ is minimal. The mark-up was paid into a fishery development fund. The stated purpose of which is to provide support to the whole domestic fishery industry not specific sectors supposed to be affected pursuant to the FTA Implement Act. Because of its short history Korea fishery TRQ need to be amended legal and administrative regime. WTO agricultural TRQ administrative procedure is relatively well organized. FTA fishery sector TRQ administrative system should follow agricultural precedents. And it should be implemented in limited period of time and phased out after 10 - 15 years.Key Words : Tariff Rate Quota, WTO TRQ, FTA TRQ, Korea-ASEAN FTA, NAFTA, Import mark-up, Quota Rate, Fishery Development Funds