기대효용함수를 활용한 종신연금의 가치 분석 - 은퇴시점의 AEW(Annuity Equivalent Wealth)를 중심으로 -
Value Analysis of Life Annuity Using Expected Utility Function - with Focus on AEW(Annuity Equivalent Wealth) at Retirement -
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 은퇴 준비자들이 가입하는 종신연금의 가치를 다양한 조건에서 도출 및 분석하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 국내에서 일반적으로 활용되는 연금지급비율(Money’s Worth Ratio), 내부수익률 등과 같은 순수한 재무적인 지표가 아닌 개인의 기대효용함수를 기반으로 연금의 가치를 도출한다. 개인의 기대효용함수를 활용한 연금의 가치인 AEW(Annuity Equivalent Wealth)를 도출하기 위해서 생애주기모형(life cycle model)에 기반한 최적화 모형을 사용하였으며, 모형에 대한 최적해 도출을 위해서 DP(Dynamic Programming, 동적계획법) 기법을 적용하였다. 본 연구를 통해 종신연금의 가치는 연금을 활용하지 않는 경우에 비하여 다양한 위험회피성향을 보유한 남성과 여성 모두에게 있어서 충분히 큰 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 사망률이 높은 남자의 경우 남녀 단일사망률을 적용(단일 가격체계)할 경우에 비해 남자 사망률을 적용(공정가격체계)할 경우 연금으로 인한 효용이 더 증대되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 기보유 연금자산의 비중은 연금의 가치를 감소시키는 방향으로 영향을 주고, 연금수급시점의 연기(은퇴연령의 증가)는 연금의 가치를 증가시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 현실적인 가정 인 최소소비수준을 모형에 적용할 경우 연금의 가치는 더 크게 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to calculate and analyze value of life annuity which is commonly purchased by pre-retirees in Korea. Instead of using financial value of life annuity such as MW(Money’s Worth) rate, IRR(Internal Rate of Return), and other similar measures, we focus on calculating the value of life annuity which is based on individual’s utility function. To calculate AEW(Annuity Equivalent Wealth) which measures the value of annuity based on the utility function, we use a life-cycle based optimization model, and as a solution procedure, we utilize the DP(Dynamic Programming) techniques. The results indicate that value of life annuity is high regardless of the gender and the degree of risk aversion. Especially, the utility of life annuity increases for a typical male who has higher mortality rate than a typical female when annuity payment is determined under the fair pricing system compared to the case where annuity payment is determined under the uniform pricing system. Further, the value of life annuity decreases as pre-existing annuity level increases and it increases as the annuitization age of an individual increases. Finally, the result shows that if we use a realistic constraint of annual minimum consumption level in the model, then the value of life annuity increases.
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