Why Are Peak Loads Observed during Winter Months in Korea?
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Since 2009, electricity consumption has developed a unique seasonal pattern in South Korea. Winter loads have sharply increased, and they eventually exceeded summer peaks. This trend reversal distinguishes these load patterns from those in the USA and the EU, where annual peaks are observed during the summer months. Using Levene’s test, we show statistical evidence of a rise in temperature but a decrease in variance over time regardless of the season. Despite the overall increase in the temperature, regardless of the season there should be another cause of the increased demand for electricity in winter. With the present study using data from 1991 to 2012, we provide empirical evidence that relatively low electricity prices regulated by the government have contributed significantly to the rapid upward change in electricity consumption, specifically during the winter months in the commercial sector in Korea.
Abstract
Since 2009, electricity consumption has developed a unique seasonal pattern in South Korea. Winter loads have sharply increased, and they eventually exceeded summer peaks. This trend reversal distinguishes these load patterns from those in the USA and the EU, where annual peaks are observed during the summer months. Using Levene’s test, we show statistical evidence of a rise in temperature but a decrease in variance over time regardless of the season. Despite the overall increase in the temperature, regardless of the season there should be another cause of the increased demand for electricity in winter. With the present study using data from 1991 to 2012, we provide empirical evidence that relatively low electricity prices regulated by the government have contributed significantly to the rapid upward change in electricity consumption, specifically during the winter months in the commercial sector in Korea.
참고문헌 (36)
- Andrews, Clinton J., "Explaining the adoption of energyefficient technologies in US commercial buildings", Energy and Buildings, 41(3), pp.287~294 (2009)
- Andrews, Clinton J., "Technology diffusion and energy intensity in US commercial buildings", Energy Policy, 37(2), pp.541~553 (2009)
- Asadoorian, Malcolm O., "Modeling climate feedbacks to energy demand : the case of China" (2006), MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change
- "Economics Statistics System"[URL]
- Bose, Ranjan Kumar, "Elasticities of electricity demand in India", Energy Policy, 27(3), pp.137~146 (1999)
- Retail electricity pricing and rate design in evolving markets, "Braithwait, Steven", ~ (2007)
- Contreras, Sergio, "U. S. Commercial Electricity Consumption", Mountain Plains Journal of Business & Economics, 12, pp.27~41 (2011)
- Weather effects on electricity loads: Modeling and forecasting 12 December 2005, "Crowley, Christian", ~ (2005)
- De Cian, Enrica, "Seasonal temperature variations and energy demand", Climatic Change, 116(3-4), pp.805~825 (2013)
- Denton, Frank T., "Energy demand with declining rate schedules : an econometric model for the US commercial sector", Land Economics, 79(1), pp.86~105 (2003)
- "Electric Power Statistics Information System"[URL]
- Fell, Harrison, "Climate policy design with correlated uncertainties in offset supply and abatement cost", Land Economics, 88(3), pp.589~611 (2012)
- Filippini, Massimo, "Elasticities of electricity demand in urban Indian households", Energy policy, 32(3), pp.429~436 (2004)
- Henley, Andrew, "Residential energy demand and the interaction of price and temperature : British experimental evidence", Energy Economics, 20(2), pp.157~171 (1998)
- Holtedahl, Pernille, "Residential electricity demand in Taiwan", Energy economics, 26(2), pp.201~224 (2004)
- 김혜민, "기온이 전력수요에 미치는 영향 분석", 에너지공학, 24(2), pp.167~173 (2015), 한국에너지학회
- 김인무, "에너지 상대가격 변화에 따른 에너지 수요 예측", 경제학연구, 59(4), pp.199~228 (2011), 한국경제학회
- 이용주, "산업별 전력수요의 기온효과 분석", 자원환경경제연구, 25(2), pp.141~178 (2016), 한국환경경제학회[DOI]
- "Korea City Gas Association"[URL]
- "Korea Electric Power Corporation"[URL]
- "Korea Meteorological Administration"[URL]
- Lis, Eliza M., "The impact of extreme weather events on budget balances", International Tax and Public Finance, 17(4), pp.378~399 (2010)
- Madlener, Reinhard, "Residential energy demand analysis : an empirical application of the closure test principle", Empirical Economics, 21(2), pp.203~220 (1996)
- Mansur, Erin T., "Climate change adaptation : A study of fuel choice and consumption in the US energy sector", Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 55(2), pp.175~193 (2008)
- Medlock III, Kenneth B., "Economic development and end- use energy demand", The Energy Journal, pp.77~105 (2001)
- "Ministry of Knowledge Economy" (2011)[URL]
- Newell, Richard G., "Carbon mitigation costs for the commercial building sector: Discrete–continuous choice analysis of multifuel energy demand", Resource and Energy Economics, 30(4), pp.527~539 (2008)
- Otsuka, Akihiro, "Demand for industrial and commercial electricity: evidence from Japan", Journal of Economic Structures, 4(1), pp.9~ (2015)
- Pardo, Angel, "Temperature and seasonality influences on Spanish electricity load", Energy Economics, 24(1), pp.55~70 (2002)
- Parti, Michael, "The total and appliance-specific conditional demand for electricity in the household sector", The Bell Journal of Economics, pp.309~321 (1980)
- Trend estimators and serial correlation Vol. 383, "Prais, Sigbert J.", Cowles Commission, ~ (1954)
- Silk, Julian I., "Short and long-run elasticities in US residential electricity demand: a co-integration approach", Energy economics, 19(4), pp.493~513 (1997)
- "National Population and Housing Census"[URL]
- Qiu, Yueming, "Energy efficiency and rebound effects: an econometric analysis of energy demand in the commercial building sector", Environmental and Resource Economics, 59(2), pp.295~335 (2014)
- Vaage, Kjell, "Heating technology and energy use: a discrete", continuous choice approach to Norwegian household energy demand, 2000, pp.22(6), 649~666
- Zarnikau, Jay, "Functional forms in energy demand modeling", Energy Economics, 25(6), pp.603~613 (2003)