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산업전문감사인의 감사효율성 분석 : 자료포락 (DEA)분석을 통한 투입과 산출의 동시 고려

Are Industry Specialist Auditors more Efficient?

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참고문헌

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주제분류회계학

초록

본 연구는 산업전문감사인(Industry Specialist Auditor)이 비전문감사인보다 감사의 효율이 높은지를 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 선행연구는 산업전문가가 높은 감사품질을 제공한다고 보고하고 있다. 또한 산업전문감사인은 비전문감사인보다 감사보수를 더 많이 받고 있으며, 이는 산업전문감사인의 높은 감사품질에 기인한다고 보고하였다. 산업전문감사인이 제공하는 감사품질은 감사의 투입요소(input: 감사시간과 감사원가)와 감사인의 효율(audit efficiency)에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 만약, 산업전문감사인의 감사효율이 비전문감사인보다 높다면, 산업전문감사인은 비전문감사인보다 투입요소(감사시간과 감사원가)를 적게 투입하고서도 동등한 수준 이상의 감사품질을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 산업전문감사인의 감사효율이 비전문감사인보다 높지 않다면(또는 동등하다면), 산업전문감사인은 투입요소(감사시간과 감사원가)를 많이 투입할 때에만 높은 감사품질을 제공할 수 있다. 감사의 효율(audit efficiency)은 산출요소(output)와 투입요소(input)를 동시에(함께) 고려할 때 분석할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 감사의 산출요소인 감사품질과 감사의 투입요소인 감사시간 및 감사원가를 동시에 고려하는 자료포락분석(DEA)을 이용하여 개별 감사인의 감사효율을 추정하고, 다른 요인들을 통제한 후 과연 산업전문감사인의 감사효율이 비전문감사인보다 높은지 여부를 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 효율성계수를 종속변수로 한 경우 산업전문감사인 계수가 유의하지 않거나 유의한 음의 값을 가졌다. 이는 산업전문감사인일수록 감사효율성이 높다고 할 수 없으며 오히려 유의하게 낮다는 것을 의미한다. 산업전문감사인이 초도감사를 수행하는 경우와 계속감사를 수행하는 경우에도 감사효율성이 개선되지 않았다. 따라서 감사효율성을 결정하는 주요한 요인은 산업전문감사인 여부가 아니며, 산업전문감사인일수록 투입이 증가하는 정도와 산출이 증가하는 정도의 차이에서 기인한 것일 수 있다. 추가분석 결과 산업전문감사인 일수록 투입수준이 높으며 감사품질이 높았다. 이는 산업전문감사인에 대한 프리미엄은 본 연구 및 Bae et al.(2015)의 연구와 같이 감사시간을 더 많이 투입하여 높은 감사품질을 제공하였기 때문이라고 해석할 수 있다.

Abstract

This study investigates whether industry auditors provide better audit quality than do non such auditors. Previous research reports that industry specialist auditors provide better quality audit and also that industry auditors are better paid for their higher quality audits. Audit quality is influenced by audit input(i.e., audit hours and audit cost) and audit efficiency. If audit efficiency for specialist auditors is higher than for non such auditors, industry specialist auditors can provide audit of the same quality with less input than that of non such auditors. If not, the only way for industry specialist auditors to provide better quality audit is to increase then their audit input. Audit efficiency is better analyzed when output factors and input factors are considered simultaneously. We compare audit efficiency between industry specialist and non such auditors using DEA which simultaneously considers audit hours and audit cost after controlling for other factors. Results show that industry specialist coefficient as an dependent variable is not significant or significantly negative. This means that difference in audit efficiency between industry specialist and non such auditors is not significant, or significantly negative. Initial audits and recurring audits of industry specialist auditors were not significantly higher than those of non such auditors. Therefore, one of the major determinants in audit efficiency is not whether or not auditors are industry specialists, but the differing input and output factors. Additional analysis shows that more specialized auditors have higher input levels and higher audit quality. Therefore the higher audit fees for industry specialist auditors are based on longer audit hours and correspondingly higher audit quality.

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