산업전문감사인과 Big4 감사인의 학습효과 - 감사초기를 중심으로
Learning Effect of Industry Special Auditors and Big4 Auditors in Initial Audit
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본 연구는 다양한 분야에서 보편적으로 나타나는 학습효과가 회계감사에도 적용되는지에 대하여 분석하고자 한다. 구체적으로, 감사인이 감사를 수임한 이후 초기에 나타나는 학습효과(다른 조건이 불변일 때 학습효과로 인하여 감사시간이 체감하거나 감사품질이 체증하는 현상)가 감사인의 전문성(Big4 감사인여부 또는 산업전문감사인 여부)에 따라 유의하게 다른지를 분석하고자 한다. 산업전문감사인은 동종 산업에 대한 이해가 축적되어 있고, Big4 감사인도 전반적으로 높은 수준의 감사능력을 갖고 있으므로 감사인의 전문성에 따라 학습효과가 다를 것으로 예상할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 전체 표본을 대상으로 감사 초기의 감사품질(재량적 발생액)을 분석한 결과 감사품질 측면에서 유의한 학습효과가 나타난다고 할 수 없었으며, 감사인의 전문성을 고려하여도 감사품질의 학습효과가 나타난다는 유의한 증거가 없었다. 그러나 감사시간을 분석한 결과에서는 감사인의 전문성이 높으며 감사 초기에 해당할수록 투입하는 감사시간이 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 감사품질은 변화하지 않으나 감사투입시간은 감소한 것이므로 감사인의 전문성이 높은 경우 감사인의 학습효과가 차별적으로 존재하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 또한, 증분감사품질과 증분감사시간을 사용하여 학습효과를 분석한 결과에서도 감사 초기의 감사품질(재량적 발생액) 변화는 유의하지 않았으나 감사시간은 감사인의 전문성이 높을수록 초도감사 이후 증분감사시간이 계속적으로 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 회계감사의 학습효과를 조사하는 데 의의가 있으며, 후속연구에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.
Abstract
This study aims to analyze whether learning effects that are common in various fields are also applied to accounting audit. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to analyze whether the learning effect in which audit hour is felt or audit quality is improved due to the increasing proficiency when other conditions are unchanged that appears at the initial audit is significantly different depending on the auditor's expertise (Big 4 auditor or specialist auditor). This is because industrial specialist auditors have an accumulated understanding of the industry, and Big 4 auditors have a high level of audit competence overall, so the learning effect can differ depending on the auditor's expertise. The results of this study are as follows. As a result of analyzing the audit quality (discretionary accruals) at the initial period of audit for the entire sample, it could not be said that there was a significant learning effect in terms of audit quality, and there was no significant evidence that the learning effect of audit quality appeared even considering the auditor's expertise. However, the results of analyzing the audit hour showed that the audit hour was significantly lower, when auditor's expertise was high at early period of the audit. This means that the audit quality does not change, but the audit input has decreased, so if the auditor's expertise is high, it can be interpreted that the auditor's learning effect exists differentially. In addition, in the results of analyzing the learning effect using incremental audit quality and incremental audit hour, the change in audit quality (discretionary accruals) was not significant, but the higher the auditor's expertise, the more significant the incremental audit hour continued to decrease after the initial audit. This study is meaningful in investigating the learning effect of accounting audit and is expected to help follow-up research.
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