통일 한반도의 국토개발 과제

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to suggest some policy issues for territorial development of the unified Korean peninsula. This study discusses the current territorial situation of North Korea in the field of infrastructure. For this study, we reviewed the German experiences on territorial development after the German reunification in 1990 and introduced some lessons. If Korean unification comes true, the Northern area including unified Korean peninsula and the northeastern area of China and Russian Far East could be developed as a cross-border cooperation region. One of the most important potentials of the Northern area is its geo-strategic location and characteristic. The area has potentials of a new development engine in Northeast Asia. This cross-border cooperation region will be formed through building three networks such as cross-border transportation network, cross-border production network and cross-border urban network. Cross-border transportation network is featured to the three loops which is connecting the Korean peninsula and the Northern area. The three loops are related with the areas of energy(e.g., Siberian and Sakhalin oil and natural gas development and the pipeline construction) and transportation networks (Northeast Asian railroad networks linking the Trans-Siberia Rail, Trans-China Rail, Trans-Manchurian Rail, Trans-Mongol Rail, and Trans-Korea Rail) Especially, the first loop is circulation route connecting key economic areas in the Korean Peninsula and the Northern area. Disappearance or alleviation of hindrances to economic exchanges in the Northern area will stimulate new investments into industries in the area. It will lead to building cross-border production network in the area. It is also anticipated that a collaborative urban network will be developed based on a cross-border production network. Cross-border cooperation in production and infrastructure networks can provide a platform to build cross-border cooperation region in the Northern area. This study suggest some policy issues before and after unification as following: First, we should prepare practical plans and projects towards the integrated Korean peninsula. This study aims to suggest practical measures for implementing eleven major development projects for the integrated Korean peninsula. Eleven major projects are Western-Corridor project, Eastern-Corridor project, Kaesung-Haeju project, Pyongyang-Nampo project, Sinuiju-Dandong project, Seorak-Kumgang-Wonsan project, Hamhung-Pujon Highland project, Sinpo-Tanchon project, Paektu-Kaema Plateau project, Rason-Chongjin-Hunchun-Khassan project and Peace-Belt project. Among eleven major development projects, Rason-Chongjin-Hunchun- Khassan project has top priority. Also, Sinuiju-Dandong project could be implemented in short- and mid-term. Geo-economic potential of two projects is one of the most important reasons why two project have high priority. Rason and Sinuiju have a great potential to undertake the role of a gateway of the Eurasian continent. Also, we should find ways for implementing eleven major development projects base on inter-Korean dialogue. In order to implement eleven major development projects, willingness and action of the North Korean regime to the projects are very important. If North Korea maintains current nuclear policy and does not induce fundamental changes in the near future, these projects would be infeasible. Second, the institutional integration of two Koreas must be one of the most important issues in the process of Korean unification. we should prepare practical plans for institutional integration after unification. and projects towards the integrated Korean peninsula. An institutional integration should be implemented for enhancing social and economic integration of two Koreas. Also, institutional integration should not be obstacles in urgent physical development. Improving living conditions of the North Korean should be considered in the process of institutional integration. Some special economic zones in North Korea can play a role of a test bed for institutional integration.