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뇌과학 관점에서 본 영유아의 자기조절 발달

Development of Self-Regulation in Young Children from a Perspective of Neuroscience

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초록

본 연구에서는 자기조절력을 뇌과학적 관점에서 고찰하여 영유아의 자기조절력이 어떠한 단계를 거쳐 발달하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 자기조절력과 관련된 뇌 기제에 대해 알아보고, 뇌과학 관점에서 영유아의 인지조절 및 정서조절의 발달을 고찰하였다. 고찰한 내용을 근거로 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 영유아의 자기조절력 중 인지조절은 배외측 전전두피질(DLPFC), 전측대상피질(ACC)의 발달과 신경전달물질의 활발한 생성과 활동으로 자기의도 인지, 행동계획 및 모니터링의 순으로 발달한다. 둘째, 영유아의 정서조절은 신경전달물질의 생성 및 활동과 전전두 피질(PFC)의 발달, 특히 안와 전전두피질(OFC), 전측대상피질이 발달함으로써 자기정서 인지, 타인정서 인지, 정서억제, 정서대처의 순으로 발달한다. 연구결과에 근거해서 영유아의 자기조절력 발달을 효과적으로 지원할 수 있는 방안에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study was aimed at examining the development of self-regulation from the perspective of neuroscience and investigating the stages through which the self- regulation of young children would develop. The following results were obtained based on the investigation. First, among the self-regulation of young children, cognitive regulation develops through the stages in the order of recognition of his/her own intentions, followed by behavior planning and monitoring, based on the development of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) and the vigorous generation and activity of neurotransmitters. Second, emotional regulation of young children develops through the stages in the order of recognition of one’s own emotions, recognition of others’ emotions, inhibition of emotions and emotional coping, also based on the development of prefrontal cortex(PFC), especially OFC and ACC area and generation and activity of neurotransmitters. Based on the findings, the measures to effectively support the development of self-regulation of young children were discussed.

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