소셜 네트워크 분석을 통한 무형문화유산 공동체 지식연결망 연구 - 정선아리랑을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Knowledge of intangible cultural heritage is usually disseminated through word-of-mouth and actions ratherthan written records. Thus, people assemble to teach others about it and form communities. Accordingly, tounderstand and spread information about intangible cultural heritage properly, it is necessary to understand notonly their attributes but also a community’s relational characteristics. Community members include specializedtransmitters who work under the auspices of institutions, and general transmitters who enjoy intangible culturalheritage in their daily lives. They converse about intangible cultural heritage in close relationships. However, todate, research has focused only on professionals. Thus, this study focused on the roles of general transmitters ofintangible cultural heritage information by investigating intangible cultural heritage communities centering aroundJeongseon Arirang; a social network analysis was performed. Regarding the research objectives presented in theintroduction, the main findings of the study are summarized as follows. First, there were 197 links between 74 members of the Jeongseon Arirang Transmission Community. Oneindividual had connections with 2.7 persons on average, and all were connected through two steps in the community. However, the density and the clustering coefficient were low, 0.036 and 0.32, respectively; therefore, the cohesivenessof this community was low, and the relationships between the members were not strong. Second, ‘Young-ran Yu’, ‘Nam-gi Kim’ and ‘Gil-ja Kim’ were found to be the prominent figures of theJeongseon Arirang Transmission Community, and the central structure of the network was concentrated aroundthese three individuals. Being located in the central structure of the network indicates that a person is popular andranked high. Also, it means that a person has an advantage in terms of the speed and quantity of the acquisition ofinformation and resources, and is in a relatively superior position in terms of bargaining power. Third, to understand the replaceability of the roles of Young-ran Yu, Nam-gi Kim, and Gil-ja Kim, who werefound to be the major figures through an analysis of the central structure, structural equivalence was profiled. Theresults of the analysis showed that the positions and roles of Young-ran Yu, Nam-gi Kim, and Gil-ja Kim wereunrivaled and irreplaceable in the Jeongseon Arirang Transmission Community. However, considering that thesethree members were in their 60s and 70s, it seemed that it would be necessary to prepare measures for the smoothmaintenance and operation of the community. Fourth, to examine the subgroup hidden in the network of the Jeongseon Arirang Transmission Community,an analysis of communities was conducted. A community refers to a subgroup clearly differentiated based onmodularity. The results of the analysis identified the existence of four communities. Furthermore, the results ofan analysis of the central structure showed that the communities were formed and centered around Young-ran Yu,Hyung-jo Kim, Nam-gi Kim, and Gil-ja Kim. Most of the transmission TAs recommended by those members,students who completed a course, transmission scholarship holders, and the general members taught in thetransmission classes of the Jeongseon Arirang Preservation Society were included as members of the communities. Through these findings, it was discovered that it is possible to maintain the transmission genealogy, making anexchange with the general members by employing the present method for the transmission of Jeongseon Arirang,the joint transmission method. It is worth paying attention to the joint transmission method as it overcomes thedemerits of the existing closed one-on-one apprentice method and provides members with an opportunity to learntheir masters’ various singing styles. This study is significant for the following reasons: First, by collecting and examining data using a social networkanalysis method, this study analyzed phenomena that had been difficult to investigate using existing statisticalanalyses. Second, by adopting a different approach to the previous method in which the genealogy was understood,looking at oral data, this study analyzed the structures of the transmitters’ relationships with objective andquantitative data. Third, this study visualized and presented the abstract structures of the relationships among thetransmitters of intangible cultural heritage information on a 2D spring map. The results of this study can be utilizedas a baseline for the development of community-centered policies for the protection of intangible cultural heritagespecified in the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. To achieve this, it wouldbe necessary to supplement this study through case studies and follow-up studies on more aspects in the future.