고성 삼덕리유적 출토 적색마연토기의 제작 특성 연구

Abstract

Dolmens bearing the burial layout and stone coffin tombs of the late Bronze Age were excavated from Samdeokri, Goseong, Gyeonsangnsamdo, and grave items such as red-burnished pottery, arrowheads, and stone swords werealso discovered. In the case of the red-burnished pottery that was found, it retains a pigment layer with a thicknessof about 50 to 160μm, but with most of the other items, exfoliation and peeling-off of pigment layers can beobserved on the surface. The raw materials of the red-burnished pottery contained moderately sorted minerals suchas quartz, feldspar, and hornblende, and partly opaque iron oxide minerals were also identified. In particular, the rawmaterials of the red-burnished pottery from stone coffin tomb #6 were different from those of the other pottery,containing large amounts of hornblende and feldspar. The pottery’s red pigment was identified as hematite andshowed similar mineral content of raw materials such as fine grained quartz, feldspar, and hornblende. The firingtemperature is estimated to have been approximately 900℃, based on their mineral phase. The possibility exists thatthe raw materials had been collected from the Samdeok-ri area, because diorite and granite diorite with dominantfeldspar and hornblende have been identified within 3km of that area. During the pottery manufacturing process, it is estimated that the pigment was painted on the entire surface ofthe red-burnished pottery after it had been molded and then finished using the abrasion technique. In other words,the red-burnished pottery was made by the process of vessel forming – semi drying – coloring – polishing. Thesurface and cross-section of the pottery appears differently depending on the concentration of the pigment and thecoloring method used after vessels were formed. Most of the excavated pottery features a distinct boundary betweenpigment and body fabric. However, in the case of pottery in which fine-grained pigments penetrate the body fabricso that layers cannot be distinguished, there is the possibility that the fine-grained pigment layer was applied at alow concentration or immediately after vessel forming. Many cracks can be seen on the surface pigments in thicklypainted pottery items, and in many cases, only a small portion of the pigment layers remain due to surface exfoliationand abrasion in the burial environment. It is reported that pottery items may be more easily damaged by abrasion ifcoated with pigment and polished, so it is believed that the red-burnished pottery of the Samdeok-ri site sufferedfrom weathering in the burial environment. This damage was more extensive in the potsherds that were scatteredoutside the tomb.