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唐전반기 禁軍의 編制와 運用

The Organization and Management of Palace Armies in Early Tang China

정순모
국방부군사편찬연구소 (Military History Institute, MND)|2012.09|군사 (military history)|제84호|pp. 269-295|DOI 10.29212/mh.2012..84.269

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참고문헌

키워드

Palace Armiessouthern government officenorthern governmentofficefubing troopssixteen guardstwelve guardsyulinforceslongwuforcesnorthgatefourforces
주제분류역사학

초록

Thesouthernpalacearmywasfordefendingthecapitalcity,aprincipal axisofthepalacearmy,which wasbasically managed byFubing system in early Tang China.The peasants who had to serve in the southern palace army by rotation, felt honoured to be the palace soldiers, the burdentheytookwasveryheavythough. But after Gaozong, due to Koguryo expedition, the peasant soldiers'burden went beyond their abilities, therefore, the number of runaway soldiersincreased.Itwasan inevitableresultofTang dynasty tochange its way of recruit. It adopted the mercenary soldiers. That Zhangyue organized the southern palace army with Guoqisymbolized the end of Fubing system.Itwas very obvious thathiring soldiers was againstthe Tang'sofficialrecruitingway,theFubingsystem. Anotheraxisofthepalacearmy,thenorthen palacearmy,wasstarted with theoriginalpalacearmy.Theoriginalpalacearmywasacorearmed forceofGaozu,thefounderofTangdynasty.Theoriginalpalacearmywas veryclosely related totheroyalfamily,itwasnotsurprisingthatitwas notmanaged byTang'sofficialrecruitingsystem.Therefore,Tangdynasty constantly tried to organized the northern palace army underthe Tang's officialrecruitingsystem.On theotherhand,Tangdynastytriedtoreduce theratioofthemercenary. However, Li Shimin(Taizong) who took the power though the Xuanwumencoup,didn'torganizethem undertheCode.Itmustbecaused bythehisfearoflosingthethrone.Thereafter,thenorthern palacearmy had an absoluteinfluenceupon thesuccession ofthethrone.Thepalace armymighthavegiven theroyalfamilyasenseofsecurity,butthatroyal privatearmywasmanagedbyhiringsoldiers,thatwasfarfrom theTang's officialmilitarysystem. DuringtheWuzetian period,theestablishmentofYulin forcesovercame the royalprivate characteristics in the palace army, butironically the southern palacearmycouldnotbemanaged byFubingsystem anymore. And thenorthern palacearmywaschanged intolegalarmybuttheyhad torecruitsoldiersbyhiring. Ironically, Tang's two palace armies were managed by contradicting ways.Wecould find contradicting factorsin themanagementofsouthern palacearmyandnorthernpalacearmy.

Abstract

Thesouthernpalacearmywasfordefendingthecapitalcity,aprincipal axisofthepalacearmy,which wasbasically managed byFubing system in early Tang China.The peasants who had to serve in the southern palace army by rotation, felt honoured to be the palace soldiers, the burdentheytookwasveryheavythough. But after Gaozong, due to Koguryo expedition, the peasant soldiers'burden went beyond their abilities, therefore, the number of runaway soldiersincreased.Itwasan inevitableresultofTang dynasty tochange its way of recruit. It adopted the mercenary soldiers. That Zhangyue organized the southern palace army with Guoqisymbolized the end of Fubing system.Itwas very obvious thathiring soldiers was againstthe Tang'sofficialrecruitingway,theFubingsystem. Anotheraxisofthepalacearmy,thenorthen palacearmy,wasstarted with theoriginalpalacearmy.Theoriginalpalacearmywasacorearmed forceofGaozu,thefounderofTangdynasty.Theoriginalpalacearmywas veryclosely related totheroyalfamily,itwasnotsurprisingthatitwas notmanaged byTang'sofficialrecruitingsystem.Therefore,Tangdynasty constantly tried to organized the northern palace army underthe Tang's officialrecruitingsystem.On theotherhand,Tangdynastytriedtoreduce theratioofthemercenary. However, Li Shimin(Taizong) who took the power though the Xuanwumencoup,didn'torganizethem undertheCode.Itmustbecaused bythehisfearoflosingthethrone.Thereafter,thenorthern palacearmy had an absoluteinfluenceupon thesuccession ofthethrone.Thepalace armymighthavegiven theroyalfamilyasenseofsecurity,butthatroyal privatearmywasmanagedbyhiringsoldiers,thatwasfarfrom theTang's officialmilitarysystem. DuringtheWuzetian period,theestablishmentofYulin forcesovercame the royalprivate characteristics in the palace army, butironically the southern palacearmycouldnotbemanaged byFubingsystem anymore. And thenorthern palacearmywaschanged intolegalarmybuttheyhad torecruitsoldiersbyhiring. Ironically, Tang's two palace armies were managed by contradicting ways.Wecould find contradicting factorsin themanagementofsouthern palacearmyandnorthernpalacearmy.

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