唐 前期 皇陵制度의 性格

Abstract

This paper analyzes how Royal Mausoleum(皇陵) of Tang in its earlier era was institutionalized. This paper mainly focus on the form of the Mausoleum and the characteristics of Funerary system(陪葬制度). Following the system, for example, Zhaoling(昭陵) and Qianling(乾陵) have mausoleums of royal families and meritorious vassals. Since Zhaoling and Qianling were constructed in the period of maintaining institution and civilization and establishing the base of the regime, Royal Mausoleum constructed during the period became a standard. Institutionalization of Royal Mausoleum was to raise the authority of emperor and to stabilize politics. Among the Mausoleums of emperors, Zhaoling is the classic example of the Funerary system. Zhaoling is for vassals of meritorious service in war, and the social atmosphere of the Tang, especially during Taizong(太宗) era, can be assumed from the mausoleum. Research on royal mausoleums of Tang is on progress with academic interest. Archeologic excavation made progress on the style, shape, and sculptures of royal mausoleums. One interesting aspect of the mausoleums is that those tombs did not follow traditional construction – they picked mountains as burial mounds and excavated into the mountains to create underground palaces. These architectures might be understood as a succession of mausoleum system of Han(漢) dynasty. However, compare to system of Han which adopted construct a tomb on the ground(積土爲陵), construct inside mountains(因山爲陵) was a common system during Tang. The reason that rulers preferred the latter system is that they concerned scale and grave goods that might represent their power and authority. Alongside Zhaoling of Taizong, Qian of Wuzetian(武則天) is the biggest and the most perfect tomb among Royal Mausoleums of Tang, but fall short of the numbers in Peizangmu(陪葬墓) of vassals. This fact may suggests that Wuzetian(武則天) era was insecure and unstable compare to 太宗 era. The fact also suggest that the Funerary system established at Taizong era did not last until Xuanzong(玄宗) Tianbao(天寶) year 14(755) due to instability of political situation.