윌리엄 드퓨이 장군의 경험이 미 육군의 ‘적극방어’ 교리개발에 미친 영향
How General William DePuy's experience influenced the development of the US Army's ‘active defense' doctrine
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이 논문은 1970년대 美육군 교리 개혁의 주도자인 윌리엄 드퓨이(William E. Depuy) 장군 개인을 중심으로 하는 연구로 제2차 세계대전, 베트남 전쟁 등 그의 참전경험과 군경력 전반을 통해 전술적 관점이 어떻게 형성되었으며 미 육군 교리에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지를 연구하여 미육군지상군교리의 철학과 논리를 파악하는 기반연구가 되고자 한다. 제2차 세계대전 시기 드퓨이는 당시 미육군의 낙후한 전술 수준과 부족한 훈련으로 막대한 전상자가 발생한 제90보병사단의 일원으로 참전하여독일군과의 격렬한 전투를 경험한다. 이 경험을 기반으로 화력기지, 엄호망같은 본인의 전술을 개발하고, 미육군의 개혁을 주도하는 것을 본인의 사명으로 한다. 드퓨이는 신설된 훈련교리사령부(TRADOC)의 초대사령관으로서 베트남전으로 인해 ‘부서진 육군’을 재건하는 임무를 수행하였다. 4차 중동전의 교훈과 평생의 전술적 관점을 바탕으로 그의 지지자인 고먼(Pual F. Gorman) 장군과 스태리(Donn A. Starry) 장군은 막강한 소련·바르샤바조약기구 군대에맞서 싸워 승리할 수 있는 ‘적극방어’ 교리를 개발하여 1976년 ‘FM 100-5, 작전’ 교범으로 작성하여 발표되었다. 제2차 세계대전의 경험과 제4차 중동전쟁의 교훈을 바탕으로 형성된 엄폐·제압·기동·지형활용·화력에 관한 그의교리는 발표와 동시에 격렬한 찬사와 비판을 동시에 받았으며, 그의 혁신적인 교리와 공헌은 미 육군의 위대한 유산으로 남게 되었다.
Abstract
This thesis focuses on General William E. Depuy, the leader of the U.S. Army's doctrinal reform in the 1970s, and seeks to understand the philosophy and logic of the U.S. Army's ground force doctrine by studying how his tactical perspective was shaped by his experiences in World War II, the Vietnam War, and throughout his military career, and how he influenced U.S. Army doctrine. During World War II, DePuy served as a member of the 90th Infantry Division, which suffered heavy casualties due to the U.S. Army's poor tactics and lack of training, and experienced intense fighting against the Germans. He uses this experience to develop his own tactics, such as ‘Firebases’ and ‘Overwatch’, and makes it his mission to lead reforms in the U.S. Army. As the first commander of the newly formed Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), DePuy was tasked with rebuilding an ‘Broken Army’ by the Vietnam War. Drawing on the lessons of the Fourth Gulf War and a lifetime of tactical perspective, he and his supporters, Generals Pual F. Gorman and Donn A. Starry, developed a doctrine of ‘Active Defense’ that would enable the Army to fight and win against the formidable Soviet-Warsaw Pact forces, which was published in 1976 as FM 100-5, Operations. His doctrine of cover, suppression, maneuver, terrain exploitation, and firepower, shaped by the experience of World War II and the lessons of the Yom Kippur War, was met with both fierce praise and criticism upon publication, and his innovative doctrine and contributions have become a great legacy of the U.S. Army.
참고문헌 (19)
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