코로나19와 가정폭력 : 팬데믹의 젠더화된 효과
COVID-19 and domestic violence : The gendered effects of the coronavirus pandemic
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코로나19 팬데믹 시기 가정폭력, 여성에 대한 폭력 위험이 증가할 우려가 제기되고 있음에도이를 여성주의적 관점에서 탐구하는 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 세계적 재난으로서 코로나19 팬데믹이 가정폭력, 여성에 대한 폭력과 어떻게 연관되는지를 젠더 관점에서 분석하고, 여성주의적 대응 방안 모색을 위한 학술적 토대를 마련하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 각국의실증자료를 바탕으로 코로나19 시기 가정폭력, 여성에 대한 폭력이 발생하는 양상을 살펴보고 그의미를 논한다. 다음으로 재난과 젠더에 관한 기존의 연구들을 검토하고 사회에 내재된 젠더 규범과질서가 어떻게 재난의 효과를 젠더화하는지 살펴본다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 위기에 대한 위계적인식, 헤게모니적 남성성, 근대적 공사 이분법의 세 가지 개념을 분석틀로 활용하여 여성에 대한폭력을 사적이고 우발적인 사건으로 간주하려는 오래된 시도가 팬데믹 시기에 어떻게 용이해지는지논증한다. 결론에서는 코로나19 대응 방안이 성평등의 실현이라는 보편적 가치에 기여하는 방향으로 모색되어야 함을 주장하고, 이를 위해서는 젠더 관점에서의 접근이 필요함을 제시한다.
Abstract
Despite the concern about a potential increase in domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, studies that examine the relationship between a pandemic and domestic violence from a feminist perspective are scarce. By examining the gendered effects of COVID-19 as a global disaster, this study aims to lay an academic foundation for feminist responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this goal, first, I examine the patterns of domestic violence and violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss the implications. Next, I review the literature on gender and disasters focusing on how gendered norms and social order make the impact of disasters gendered. Finally, I demonstrate how the attempts to present gender-based violence as an incident or a private matter become easier in the COVID-19 pandemic, centered on three analytic frameworks of the hierarchical perception of disasters, hegemonic masculinity, and public-private dichotomy. In the conclusion, I argue that the policy responses to COVID-19 must be propelled without prejudice to women’s right to be equally safe as well as to feel free from fear of violence, so that it contributes to promoting gender equality.
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