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인기있는 아동은 마음읽기를 잘 하나?

Peer Popularity and Theory of Mind

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초록

본 연구는 마음을 이해하는 능력이 또래 인기도에 정적인 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 만 5세의 유치원 아동 51명과 만 8세의 초등 2학년 아동 67명이 연구에 참여하였다. 각 아동의 마음이해 능력은 세 종류의 틀린 믿음에 대한 이해를 묻는 마음과제를 실시하여 측정하였고, 또래 인기도, 공격성, 마음이해 관련 사회행동 및 관습관련 사회행동을 평가하였다. 유치원 아동의 경우, 인기도는 마음이론 과제수행, 관습관련 사회행동, 그리고 마음이해 관련 사회행동과 정적 상관관계를, 공격성과 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 이에 반해 2학년 아동의 경우는 관습관련 사회행동과 마음이해 관련 사회행동만 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 유치원 아동의 인기도를 예측하는 변인은 공격성이었으며, 2학년 아동의 인기도를 예측하는 변인은 성별, 공격성, 그리고 마음관련 사회행동이었다. 그러나 전체 아동의 인기도를 예측하는 변인은 공격성과 마음이해 관련 사회행동이었다. 마음이론 과제수행이 인기도를 예측하지 못하였으나 마음이해 관련 사회행동이 인기도를 예측한 것은 마음이해 능력 자체보다 그 능력을 사회적으로 활용하는 기술이 중요한 것임을 시사한다.

Abstract

The present study examined the hypothesis that children's theory of mind ability is related to their peer popularity. Fifty-one preschool children between the age of 4 and 6, and 67 second grade children completed a peer rating task to assess peer popularity. In addition, children were tested on six different false belief tasks. Teachers were asked to rate children's aggressive behavior, conventional social behavior, and intentional social behavior requiring theory of mind. Preschool children's popularity scores were significantly related to the theory of mind scores, the ratings of aggressive, conventional social, and intentional social behavior. In contrast, second grade children's popularity scores were related to the ratings of conventional social, and intentional social behavior, but not to the theory of mind scores. For the preschoolers group, the aggressive behavior was the best predictor of children's popularity, but for the second graders group it was the intentional social behavior. In addition, for the total group of children, the intentional social behavior was the best predictor of peer popularity. The pattern of results suggest that it is not the theory of mind ability itself that has impact on peer popularity. Rather, the social skills to put theory of mind ability to practical use is more important.

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