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유치원 아동의 마음이론과 사회적 능력의 관계

The Relationship between Theory of Mind and Social Competence in Preschool Children

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초록

본 연구는 유치원 아동의 마음이해와 사회적 능력의 관계를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 마음이해 능력을 측정하기 위해 유치원 아동에게 마음읽기과제와 정서읽기과제를 실시하였고 교사에게 사회적 기술척도, 공격성/친사회성 척도와 공감척도를 평가하게 하였다. 마음읽기과제는 다양한 상황에서 상대방의 마음상태를 추론하는 능력을, 그리고 정서읽기과제는 상대방의 표정에 나타난 정서를 인식하는 능력을 측정하였다. 48명의 유치원 아동이 연구에 참가하였고 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 유치원 아동의 마음읽기는 사회적 기술과 정적 상관이 있었으며, 공감능력은 사회적 기술 및 친사회성과 정적 상관이 있었고 공격성 및 부적합 행동과는 부적 상관이 있었다. 여아의 마음읽기는 공감능력과 함께 사회적 기술을 예측하는 변인이었고 남아의 마음읽기는 어떤 사회적 행동도 예측하지 못했다. 여아와 남아의 공감능력은 둘 다 사회적 기술, 친사회성, 공격성, 그리고 부적합행동을 예측하였다. 끝으로, 유치원 아동의 마음이해 능력의 성차를 분석한 결과 성별에 따른 수행점수의 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과에 대해 마음을 이해하는 능력을 가진 것과 이 능력을 사회적 행동에 활용하는 능력은 다를 수 있으며 마음이해와 사회적 능력의 상호관계는 복잡하다는 점을 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between theory of mind and social competence in preschool children. Children were tested on two kinds of mind understanding tasks: mind-reading and emotion-reading, and teachers were asked to rate Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters, Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents, and a Measure of Aggression and Prosocial behaviors. Mind-reading tasks assessed the ability to interpret others' behaviors by reading their mental states, and emotion-reading tasks assessed the ability to read others' emotional states through their facial expressions. Participants were 48 five-year old children. The result showed that mind-reading was significantly related to social skill score. The empathy score was significantly related to the scores of social skill, inappropriate assertiveness, aggression and prosocial behaviors. For the girls, mind-reading predicted social skill score along with empathy. However, mind-reading predicted none of social behaviors for the boys. Empathy scores were the best predictor of social skill, inappropriate assertiveness, aggression, and prosocial behaviors for both. Finally, boys and girls did not differ in their scores on mind-understanding tasks. It was discussed that there is difference between children's theory of mind and the way how they employ their ToM in the social world, and the relationship between theory of mind and social competence is complex.

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