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연령에 따른 환상적인 낙관적 믿음의 차이와 학령전기 아동의 심리적 적응

Unrealistically optimistic beliefs in young children: relation to psychological adjustment

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구에서는 미래에 대한 환상적인 낙관적 믿음에서의 발달차와 어린 아동기에 두드러지는 환상적인 낙관적 믿음이 가지는 적응적인 가치를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 1에서는 환상적인 낙관적 믿음에서 발달차를 살펴보기 위해 서울, 경기 지역에 거주하고 있는 어린 아동 54명(평균 연령: 4세 3개월), 나이든 아동 47명(평균 연령: 7세 7개월)을 대상으로 특질변화에 대한 환상적인 낙관적 믿음을 측정한 결과, 어린 아동이 나이든 아동보다 더 높은 환상적인 낙관적 믿음을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 어린 아동의 두드러진 환상적인 낙관적 믿음의 적응적 가치를 밝히고자 연구 1에 참여하였던 어린 아동 54명과 아동의 엄마를 대상으로 어린 아동의 인지․신체능력/또래․엄마수용에 대한 자기지각, 문제행동과 엄마의 양육행동을 측정하였다. 연구결과, 어린 아동의 환상적인 낙관적 믿음은 긍정적인 자기지각과 상관이 있었다. 엄마의 거부적인 양육행동은 아동의 문제행동과 유의미한 상관관계가 있었는데, 아동의 낙관적 믿음이 높은 집단에서는 부모의 거부적 양육행동이 아동의 문제행동에 영향을 주는 정도가 감소하는 것으로 나타나 환상적인 낙관적 믿음의 적응적 가치가 확인되었다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to reveal the developmental difference in UOB(unrealistically optimistic beliefs) of the future and the relationship between UOB and psychological adjustment. In Study 1, 54 young children (age: M=4,3) and 47 older children (age: M=7,7) reported their UOB. The results revealed that young children had higher tendency of UOB. In Study 2, 54 young children in Study 1 and their mothers reported Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance, Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) and Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire(PARQ). The results indicated that children with high optimism showed higher positive perception of self. In the group with high UOB, parents with undifferentiated denial parenting style had less impact on the child’s problem behaviors. This study examines UOB not as a psychological deficit but as a positive strength and proves that this trait brought psychological adjustment to children.

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