한국 아동에서 살펴본 바람, 의도, 정서, 사회적 규칙의 이해
Understanding Desire, Intention, Emotion, and Social Rules in Korean Children
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초록
본 연구에서는 규칙을 위반한 상황에서 마음의 구성요소인 바람과 의도가 어떻게 상호작용하여 정서를 예측하는지, 그리고 인습적 판단을 하는데 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 5세, 6세, 8세 아동 45명과 대학생 15명에게 의도가 있는 경우와 없는 경우, 바람이 충족된 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우(규칙을 위반한 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우)로 조합된 4 종류의 이야기를 들려준 후, 주인공의 정서를 예측하게 하였고, 주인공의 행동에 대한 인습적 판단을 하게 하였다. 그 결과, 바람이 충족되면 긍정적 정서를, 충족되지 않으면 부정적 정서를 예측하는 경향을 보였다. 하지만 의도의 영향도 있어서, 바람을 충족하려는 의도가 있었을 때 긍정적 정서를 더 많이 예측하였고, 바람을 충족시키려는 의도가 있었지만 그것이 성취되지 않았을 때에는 부정적 정서를 더 많이 예측하였다. 인습적 판단에서는 규칙을 위반한 경우는 부정적으로, 위반하지 않은 경우에는 긍정적으로 판단하였으나, 여기에도 의도가 영향을 미쳤다. 의도를 가지고 위반한 경우에는 의도 없이 위반한 경우보다 더 부정적으로 판단하였고, 규칙을 위반하지 않았더라도 위반하려는 의도가 있었던 경우에도 부정적으로 판단하였다. 이러한 결과는 정서 추론이나 인습적 판단에 바람, 의도, 규칙이 서로 상호작용하며 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다.
Abstract
This study examined how intentions interacted with desires to predict the emotional consequences, and lead to the conventional judgments of protagonists' behaviors. Forty five children (5-, 6-, and 8-year-olds) and 15 undergraduate students were presented with situations in which desires were satisfied with intentions or without intentions, and desires were not satisfied with intentions or without intentions. The results showed that the subjects attributed positive emotions to the protagonists whose desires were satisfied, and negative emotions to them whose desires were not satisfied. The emotional predictions were influenced by intentions as well. They more frequently attributed positive emotions to the protagonists who intended to fulfill their desires than the protagonists who do not have such intentions, and attributed negative emotions to the protagonists who could not satisfy their desires even though they intended to fulfill them. The conventional judgments were also influenced by intentions. The subjects more negatively evaluated the protagonists' acts that violated the rules with intentions than without intentions. They evaluated negatively the intended violation even though the protagonists did not end up with violating the rules. The results were discussed in terms of the relation between theory of mind and deontic reasoning.
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