영어의 V2 제약과 소멸

Abstract

The Verb-Second Constraint and its Loss in EnglishChoi, June-YoungIn the course of the conversion of SOV to SOV in the word order of OE, the finite verb is often placed following one initial constituent, whether it is the subject or not, and whatever the rest of the word order of the clause is. We refer to the characteristic as the V2 constraint, which OE shares with its Germanic sister languages. There are two variants of the V2 phenomenon; CV2 in which the finite verb moves to the CP domain, and IV2 where the finite verb moves to the IP domain. The first type of V2 is attested in German, Dutch, and Mainland Scandinavian, while the second type of V2 is represented by language like Yiddish and Icelandic. The V2 constraint in OE led scholars to illustrate their views distinctively. Pintzuk(1991) has shown that the OE is IV2 language, while Kemenade(1978) attested to the CV2 syntax of OE. The southern dialect of ME preserves the V2 syntax of OE, in spite of having become I-medial and VO in basic word order. The northern dialect of ME has developed the verb-movement syntax of CV2 language and hence become similar in its syntax to the modern Continental Scandinavian languages.Geleren(1993) agrees with Kemenade in adopting the Dutch/German-style V-to-C analysis for OE and ME. She dates the introduction of I(T(ence)) to c. 1380. She interprets the decline of V2 as a reinterpretation of OE CPs with V-to-C movement as IPs without V-to-I movement. She derives from the decline of V2 a series of changes in verb syntax that come into the language at this time. The appearance of split infinitives, pro-infinitives, accusative-and-infinitive constructions, peripheral do, and modals are all analyzed as structural reflexes of this new category and the loss of V2.