초기 청소년기 자기통제 변화에 관한 종단연구: 부모애착, 교사애착, 자기존중감과의 관계
A Longitudinal Study on the Change of Self-Control in Early Adolescence: Its Relations to Parental Attachment, Teacher Attachment, and Self-Esteem
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초록
본 연구에서는 9세에서 12세까지 아동의 자기통제 수준이 시간의 추이에 따라 어떻게 변하는지 살펴보고, 부모와의 애착, 교사와의 애착 및 자기존중감이 이러한 변화와 관련이 있는지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 초등학교 4학년부터 중학교 1학년까지 동일 아동을 4년간 추적 조사한 한국청소년패널 종단자료를 사용하였다. 이 때, 10세 전후에 자기통제 발달이 완료되어 이후로 유지된다는 Gottfredson과 Hirschi(1990)의 주장에 근거하여 2차 성장모형(quadratic growth model)을 가정하고, 2수준 다층모형을 적용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 자기통제는 시간이 지남에 따라 유의미하게 감소하다가 만 11세(6학년)에 최하점을 기록한 후 유의미한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 한편, 자기존중감이 높을수록 2차년도(10세)의 자기통제 수준은 낮은 반면, 부모애착과 교사애착 수준이 높을수록 자기통제 수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자기존중감 수준이 높을수록 시간에 따른 자기통제 감소율은 더 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 부모와의 애착 수준이 높을수록 아동의 자기통제 감소율은 줄어들었고, 자기통제가 최하점에 이르러 일정하게 유지하는데 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 선행연구와 비교하였고, 후속연구에 대한 시사점을 논하였다.
Abstract
In this study, the authors examined whether and how children's self-control changed during early adolescence. They also investigated the extent to which this change was related to children's parental attachment, teacher attachment, and self-esteem. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to analyze 4-year longitudinal data (N = 2,844) originally collected from the Korean Youth Panel Study. A significant decrease in self-control was observed from the ages of 9 to l1, and self-control started to get stabilized at age 11. Self-esteem was negatively predictive of self-control at age 10, whereas parental attachment and teacher attachment were positively predictive of it. Also, self-esteem was positively related to the rate of change in self-control, whereas parental attachment was negatively related to it. Finally, only parental attachment was positively related to the rate of acceleration in self-control. Study limitations and future directions for research are discussed.
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