부모-자녀애착과 부모지도감독이 청소년의 자아존중감의 변화에 미치는 종단적 영향
An Analysis of the Longitudinal Effects of Parent-Child Relationships on Adolescent Self-Esteem
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초록
자아존중감은 청소년기 정신건강을 예측하는 중요한 심리적 요인이다. 따라서 많은 연구에서 자아존중감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하기 위해 노력을 기울여왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 부모-자녀애착과 부모지도감독이 청소년기 자아존중감의 변화에 미치는 종단적 영향을 분석하는데 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 KYPS 중학교 2학년 남녀학생 3,439명의 자료를 분석하였다. 분석방법은 잠재성장분석을 사용하였고, 부모-자녀애착과 부모지도감독이 시간-가변적(time-variant)공변인으로 모형에 투입되었다. 분석결과 부모-자녀애착과 부모지도감독은 모든 시기에서 자아존중감의 변화에 유의미한 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 공변인들은 남학생 집단보다 여학생 집단에서 유의미하게 자아존중감의 변화에 미치는 영향의 정도가 컸다. 이러한 결과들은 청소년의 정신건강을 증진하기 위한 프로그램 개발에 있어서는 성차를 고려해야 하며, 부모-자녀 관계 개선을 위한 적극적인 관여가 요구됨을 시사한다.
Abstract
Self‐esteem is a critical psychological factor affecting adolescents' mental health. Therefore, many researchers have been investigating the factors affecting the development of adolescent self‐esteem. Most researchers, however, have conducted cross‐sectional research which has a number of limitations when seeking to identify such factors. This study is intended to analyze the longitudinal effects of parent‐child attachment and parental monitoring on adolescent self‐esteem. For these purposes, this study analyzed 3,349 adolescents' longitudinal data collected by the KYPS for 5 years. Latent growth curve analysis was employed as an analysis framework with parent‐child attachment and parental monitoring as time‐variant covariates. The results indicate that the two covariates significantly affected the growth of adolescent self‐esteem and the magnitude of the effects are larger in the female adolescent group than in the male adolescent group. These results suggest that parental involvement is essential and sex differences should be considered in developing counseling programs aimed at enhancing adolescents' self‐esteem
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